Badania archeologiczne wraku okrętu „Solen”, który zatonął w Bitwie pod Oliwą 28 listopada 1627 roku

• Authors: Bednarz Tomasz

Title variants

EN

Archaeological research on the wreck of the warship ‘Solen’, which sank in the Battle of Oliwa on November 28, 1627

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

The wreck of the W-6 ‘Solen’ constitutes the remains of the Swedish warship ‘Solen’ (Sun), which sank on November 28, 1627 during the Battle of Oliwa. It was a warship with a transom stern, the length of which was over 30 metres and the load capacity of 150 lasts. The vessel was built using the caravel method from oak wood. Archaeological work on the wreck was carried out at intervals in the years 1970-1980. In 1980, the explored wooden structure of the wreck was lifted and transported to a safer place. It is currently located approximately 3.5 nautical miles east of Gdynia Redłowo, at a depth of 15 metres. In 2015 and 2019, a detailed inventory of the site was carried out using 3D photogrammetric documentation. A total of almost 4.5 thousand artefacts were recovered from the wreck. The unique and most valuable is the collection of 20 gunmetal cannon barrels. Sixteen of them come from Sweden, two from Poland and two cannons with Cyrillic inscriptions come from Rus’. Examples of artefacts related to the military character of the vessel also include gun carriages, cannonballs of various calibres, powder spoons, powder dispensers, muskets and musket balls as well as fragments of malee weapons. A separate group of finds are the personal effects of sailors, such as shoes and their fragments, gloves, hat, leather belts, metal buckles and clay pipes. A collection of Swedish silver and copper coins was recovered from the wreck, as well as navigational instruments, kitchen vessels, boatswain's tools, and elements of rigging such as a wooden bollard with a three-pulley block and a knight's head, blocks of various types and deadeyes. The artefacts recovered from the site can be divided into eight main groups, such as: armament; rigging; navigation, cabin equipment and tools; utility and kitchen equipment, equipment and personal belongings of the crew; osteology; unidentified objects and objects that were found on the wreck while it was lying on the bottom of the bay. The largest groups are the armament, utility equipment and personal belongings of the crew. The article will discuss the discovery of the wreck, the course of underwater archaeological work on the site, artefacts recovered from the wreck divided into functional groups, the course of the Battle of Oliwa, the identification of the wreck and the characteristics and history of the identified warship.

Keywords

PL

archeologia podwodna; wrak; okręt; Bitwa pod Oliwą; Solen; fotogrametria

EN

underwater archaeology; wreck; warship; Battle of Oliwa; Solen; photogrammetry

• Publisher: Muzeum Archeologiczne w Gdańsku
• Journal: Pomorania Antiqua
• Year: 2024
• Volume: Tom XXXIII
• Pages: 139–194

Contributors

author

Bednarz Tomasz

• Narodowe Muzeum Morskie w Gdańsku, Ołowianka 9-13, 80-751 Gdańsk