Middle income trap: a comparison between BRICS countries and Turkey

• Authors: Ay Ahmet , Akar Gökhan , Akar Tuba

Title variants

PL

Pułapka średniego dochodu: porównanie Turcji i państw BRICS

• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The concept of the middle income trap takes place among the frequently discussed issues in the growth literature in the last periods. There are a number of countries in the world, which cannot move to the high income economic level and which squeeze to the middle income trap. These countries overcome the low income category with a rapid growth, however, when they reached the middle income level, they began to get slower and came to a deadlock depending on inadequate productivity. The aim of this study is to examine the concept of the middle income trap and make a comparison in terms of Turkey and BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). In the comparison, few factors were taken into consideration, such as human capital, education and innovation. Although Turkey has significantly proceeded in the growth recently, it is not able to reach the high income level, because its existing human capital and innovation level do not seem to be enough. In conclusion, based on results of the comparison with BRICS countries, some necessary suggestions for Turkish policies are presented, in order to rid of the risk of middle income trap.

PL

Pojęcie pułapki średniego dochodu zajmuje miejsce pośród najczęściej poruszanych kwestii w literaturze poświęconej wzrostowi gospodarczemu. Istnieje wiele krajów, które nie są w stanie przejść do poziomu wysokiego dochodu i które utknęły w pułapce średniego dochodu. Państwa te pokonały barierę niskiego dochodu wskutek gwałtownego wzrostu, jednak gdy doszły do poziomu średniego dochodu, ich gospodarki zaczęły rosnąć w wolniejszym tempie i napotkały impas wynikający z nieodpowiedniej produktywności. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przeanalizowanie zagadnienia pułapki średniego dochodu i porównanie pod tym względem Turcji oraz państw BRICS (Brazylii, Rosji, Indii, Chin i Republiki Południowej Afryki). W celu dokonania porównania uwzględniono takie czynniki, jak kapitał ludzki, edukację i innowację. Chociaż Turcja wykazała ostatnio znaczącą stopę wzrostu, istniejący kapitał ludzki i innowacje wydają się niewystarczające do przejścia do wysokiego dochodu. We wnioskach, w oparciu o porównanie z krajami BRICS, zaprezentowano sugestie dla polityki Turcji w celu uniknięcia pułapki średniego dochodu.

Keywords

EN

middle income trap; human capital; innovation; BRICS; Turkey

PL

pułapka średniego dochodu; kapitał ludzki; innowacja; BRICS; Turcja

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Opolski, Wydział Ekonomiczny
• Journal: Economic and Environmental Studies
• Year: 2016
• Volume: 16
• Issue: 2(38)
• Pages: 279-301

Dates

online

2016-06-30

Contributors

author

Ay Ahmet

• Selcuk University, Turkey

author

Akar Gökhan

• Selcuk University, Hadim Vocational High School, Turkey

author

Akar Tuba

• Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Turkey

redactor

Paradowska Monika

redactor

Platje Joost (Johannes)

redactor

Wrobel Ralph

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Identifiers

ISSN

2081-8319