EN
South Sudan belongs to the youngest states in the world, but at the same time to the poorest. Its case regarding people’s eagerness for independence should by all means be treated as an exceptional example of fight for freedom and sovereignty. The territory of former Sudan state for centuries has been inhabited by two distinct social societies. The north was inhabited by the immigrant population of Arab origin practising Islam, while the south was inhabited by black indigenous people, practicing various tribal beliefs. Co-functioning of the two so distinct ethnic groups at the territory of one state turned out to be a real challenge. The oppressed and harassed southern population never surrendered under the northern regime and in July 2011, after many years of fight, they gained coveted independence. However, the unrests and skirmishes did not stop. Moreover, conflicts broke out among the tribes of Southern Sudan. In spite of continuous efforts by Southern Sudanese authorities and considerable international assistance, a lot still needs to be done before favourable conditions for the local communities are created. The government can still count on aid from international, non-governmental organizations and single states, nevertheless they need to fulfil a number of requirements for the provided assistance to bring measurable effects aimed at increasing the pace of the conducted reforms