Cookbooks for children in the USA in the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries – tendencies and development trends

• Authors: Has-Tokarz Anita Lidia

Title variants

PL

Książki kucharskie dla dzieci w USA w drugiej połowie XIX i w XX wieku – nurty i tendencje rozwojowe

DE

Kochbücher für Kinder in den USA in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. und im 20. Jahrhundert – Richtungen und Entwicklungstendenzen

• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Thesis / Purpose: The aim of the article is to investigate the origins and development of cookbooks intentionally addressed to children published in the USA in the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries. The aim was to indicate specific types of these publications and to identify social and economic factors influencing their evolution. Research method:The source material for the analysis was obtained from the digital resources of cookbook collections in the public domain, such as Ann Hertzler Children's Cookbook & Nutrition Literature Collection, Johnson & Wales University Culinary Arts Museum and others. In total, several dozen copies issued in the USA in the years 1876-1998 and other artifacts belonging to the area of children's culinary culture in this geographical area were analyzed. Results / Conclusions:The history of cookbooks for children in the USA begins in 1876 and continues to this day. The genesis of the phenomenon is associated with the dissemination of Enlightenment ideas, especially the new model of upbringing and the psychosocial emancipation of the child along with the socio-economic changes, the expansion of the circle of readers, the emergence of a new group of buyers - middle-class children. Early American cookbooks for children took the form of literary culinary stories, the so-called cookstory or culinary story. They were used to teach girls to cook, they were a tool of socialization to act as a housewife. Since the beginning of the 20thcentury, we have been observing a dynamic development of new trends in these publications, such as verse cookbooks and brochures advertising well-known food brands, the so-called culinary emphemera. Cookbooks for boys appeared on the market in the mid-20thcentury. In the 1970s, there appeared guides aimed at adolescents promoting healthy lifestyle and diets (vegan and vegetarian), books related to the heroes of childhood readings and popular media icons for children. Nowadays, attention is drawn to the variety of formats and high editorial attractiveness of these publications and their strong relationship with the toy and media industry.

PL

Teza/Cel: Celem artykułu jest zbadanie genezy i rozwoju książek kucharskich intencjonalnie adresowanych do dzieci wydawanych w USA w drugiej połowie XIX i w XX w. Chodziło o wskazanie specyficznych typów tych publikacji oraz zidentyfikowanie czynników społecznych i gospodarczych mających wpływ na ich ewolucję. Metoda badawcza: Materiał źródłowy do analizy pozyskano z zasobów cyfrowych kolekcji książek kucharskich udostępnionych w domenie publicznej takich, jak np. Ann Hertzler Children's Cookbook&Nutrition Literature Collection, Culinary Arts Museum Johnson&Wales University i innych. W sumie analizie zawartości poddano kilkadziesiąt egzemplarzy wydanych w USA w latach 1876-1998 oraz inne artefakty należące do obszaru dziecięcej kultury kulinarnej tego obszaru geograficznego. Wyniki/Wnioski: Historia książek kucharskich dla dzieci w USA rozpoczyna się w 1876 r. i trwa nieprzerwanie po dziś dzień. Geneza zjawiska wiąże się z upowszechnieniem idei oświeceniowych, zwłaszcza nowego modelu wychowania i psychospołeczną emancypacją dziecka, a także zmianami społeczno-gospodarczymi, poszerzaniem się kręgu ludzi czytających, pojawieniem się nowej grupy nabywców – dzieci z klasy średniej. Wczesne amerykańskie książki kucharskie dla dzieci miały formę literackich opowiadań kulinarnych tzw. cook`s story czy culinary story. Wykorzystywano je by uczyć dziewczynki gotowania, były narzędziem socjalizacji do pełnienia roli gospodyni domowej. Od początku XX w. obserwujemy dynamiczny rozwój nowych nurtów tych publikacji, takich jak wierszowane książki kucharskie i broszury reklamujące znane marki spożywcze tzw. culinary emphemera. Od połowy XX w. nowością na rynku były książki kucharskie adresowane do chłopców. W dekadzie lat 70. pojawiają się adresowane do nastolatków poradniki promujące zdrowy styl życia i diety (wegańska i wegetariańską), książki powiązane z bohaterami lektur dzieciństwa oraz popularnymi ikonami mediów dla dzieci. Współcześnie uwagę zwraca różnorodność formatów i wysoka atrakcyjność edytorska tych publikacji oraz ich silny związek z przemysłem zabawkarskim i medialnym.

DE

These/Ziel: Das Ziel des Beitrags ist die Ergründung der Genese und der Entwicklung von Kochbüchern, die an Kinder gerichtet waren und in den USA in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. und im 20. Jahrhundert herausgegeben wurden. Man wies auf besondere Typen dieser Publikationen hin sowie identifizierte soziale und wirtschaftliche Faktoren, die auf ihre Evolution Einfluss nahmen. Forschungsmethode: Das analysierte Quellenmaterial ¬stammt aus den Beständen der digitalen Sammlungen von Kochbüchern, die gemeinfrei zugänglich sind, darunter beispielsweise Ann Hertzler Children's Cookbook&Nutrition Literature Collection, Culinary Arts Museum Johnson&Wales University und andere. Insgesamt bezog sich die Inhaltsanalyse auf einige Dutzend Exemplare, die in den USA 1876–1998 herausgegeben wurden, sowie auf andere Artefakte, die zur Kinderkochkultur dieses geografischen Gebiets gehören. Ergebnisse/Schlussfolgerungen: Die Geschichte der Kochbücher für Kinder in den USA beginnt 1876 und dauert ununterbrochen bis heute. Die Genese dieser Erscheinung geht auf verbreitete Aufklärungsideale, vor allem auf das neue Erziehungsmodell und die psychosoziale Emanzipation des Kindes und die sozialwirtschaftlichen Änderungen, die Erweiterung des Leserkreises und die Entstehung einer neuen Kundengruppe von Kindern aus der Mittelklasse zurück. Die frühesten amerikanischen Kochbücher für Kinder hatten die Form literarischer Kocherzählungen, der sog. cook`s story oder culinary story. Man nutzte sie dazu, den Mädchen Kochkunst beizubringen, sie waren Mittel zur Sozialisierung, dank dem die Rolle der Hausfrau erlernt werden konnte. Seit dem Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts beobachtet man eine dynamische Entwicklung von neuen Richtungen in diesen Publikationen, darunter die in Versform herausgegebenen Kochbücher und Broschüren, die sog. culinary emphemera, die für bekannte Lebensmittelmarken warben. Neu auf dem Markt waren seit der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts die an Jungen gerichteten Kochbücher. In den 1970er Jahren erschienen die für Jugendliche bestimmten Handbücher, die einen gesunden Lebensstil und eine solche (vegane und vegetarische) Diät verbreiteten, Bücher, die mit den Helden aus den Kinderlektüren sowie den populären Medienikonen für Kinder verbunden waren. Zurzeit bemerkt man die Vielzahl von Formaten und eine hohe editorische Attraktivität dieser Publikationen sowie ihre starke Bindung an die Spielzeug- und Medienindustrie.

Keywords

EN

children's cookbooks; history of children's literature; children's book market in the 19th and 20th centuries; American children's literature; culinary culture

PL

książki kucharskie dla dzieci; historia literatury dla dzieci; rynek książki dla dzieci w XIX i XX w.; amerykańska literatura dla dzieci; kultura kulinarna

DE

Kochbücher für Kinder; Kinderliteraturgeschichte; Buchmarkt für Kinder im 19. und 20. Jh.; amerikanische Kinderliteratur; Kochkultur

• Publisher: The Nicolaus Copernicus Public Provincial Library in Torun, Poland
• Journal: Folia Toruniensia
• Year: 2020
• Volume: 20
• Pages: 91-118

Dates

published

2020-12-15

Contributors

author

Has-Tokarz Anita Lidia

• Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. Faculty of Political Science and Journalism

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Identifiers

DOI

10.12775/FT.2020.005