The Philippines under the Spanish and American Colonisation (1565-1912). A historical-political-religious development. Part 2

• Authors: Skrabania Jerzy
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The article presents a historical-political-religious development of the Filipino society as well as State – Church relation, towards independence. First it descripted the methods of the Spanish colonisation and Christianisation (as a Catholicism or from Catholic standpoint). For almost 330 years they ruled over the islands; the Spanish colonial government was supported by loyal colonial Church (Spanish bishops and religious friars). The consequences of such colonial rule were growing national identity, nationalism, and revolution towards political and religious independence. This process was exploited by Americans who used it for them; thus, it began a new colonisation, this time an American one – till 1946. In historiography the American colonisation is known as Americanisation, which meant the introduction of religious freedom as well as pure and true Christianity, secular education and free press and Protestantization of the islands (propagating the Protestant denominations) and the separation of Church and State.

Keywords

EN

Spanish Colonialism; Philippines; Colonial Church; native clergy; American Protestantism

• Publisher: Verbinum / Wydawnictwo Księży Werbistów
• Journal: Nurt SVD
• Year: 2021
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 43-69

Dates

published

2021-06-30

Contributors

author

Skrabania Jerzy

References

• Agoncillo T.A., 1956, The Revolt of the Mases, University of the Philippines, Quezon City.
• Agoncillo T.A., 1967, History of the Filipino People, Malaya Books, Quezon City.
• Agoncillo T.A., 1969, A short History of The Philippines, New American Library, New York.
• Agoncillo T.A., 1974, Filipino Nationalizm 1872-1970, R.P. Garcia Pub. Co., Quezon City.
• Anderson G., 1968, Providence and Politics behind Protestant Missionary Beginnings in the Philippines, in: Anderson G. (ed.), Studies in the Philippine Church History, Cornell University Press, London, p. 279-300.
• Apilado M., 1976, Revolution, Colonialism, and Mission, Vanderbilt University, Nashville.
• Arens R., 1957, Philippine Education in Transition, Worldmission, Hong Kong, vol. 9, p. 660-667.
• Bernad M., 1972, The Christianization of the Philippines: Problems and Perspectives, The Filipiniana Book Guild, Manila.
• Bernad M., 1986, Rizal and the Jesuits in Dapitan 1892-1896, Kinaadman, Manila, vol. 8, p. 56-98.
• Blount J.H., 1913, The American Occupation of the Philippines 1898-1912, G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York.
• Brown A., 1903, The New Era in the Philippines, Kessinger Publishing, London 1903.
• Bullock A., 1914, American Education in the Philippines, International Review of Mission, Edinburgh, vol. 3, p. 323-335.
• Clifford D., 1968, Religion and the Public School in the Philippines: 1899-1906, in: Anderson G. (ed.), Studies in the Philippine Church History, Cornell University Press, London, p. 301-324.
• Clymer K., 1986, Protestant Missionaries in the Philippines 1898-1916, University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
• Constantino R., 1975, The Philippines: A Past Revisited, Manila. Publisher not identified.
• Constantino R., 1977, Insight & Foresight, Foundation for Nationalist Studies, Quezon City.
• Corpuz O., 1989a, The Roots of Philippino People, vol. 1, AKLAHI Foundation, Inc., Quezon City.
• Corpuz O., 1989b, The Roots of Philippino People, vol. 2, AKLAHI Foundation, Inc., Quezon City.
• Costa de la H., 1964, Readings in the Philippine History, Bookmark, Manila.
• Costa de la H., 1968a, Episcopal Jurisdiction in the Philippines During the Spanish Regime, in: Anderson G. (ed.), Studies in the Philippine Church History, Cornell University Press, London, p. 44-64.
• Costa de la H., 1968b, Development of the Native Clergy, in: Anderson G. (ed.), Studies in the Philippine Church History, Cornell University Press, London, p. 65-104.
• Costa de la H., 1970, Nascent Philippine Nationalism, Philippine Historical Review, Manila, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 154-170.
• Deats R.L., 1986, Nicolas Zamora: Religious Nationalist, in: Anderson G. (ed.), Studies in the Philippine Church History, Cornell University Press, London, p. 325-337.
• Devins J., 1905, An Observer in the Philippines, American Tract Society, Boston.
• Farrel J., 1950, Background of the Taft Mission to Rome, The Catholic Historical Review, Washington, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 1-22.
• Farrell J., 1954, An Abandoned Approach to Philippine History, The Catholic Historical Review, Washington, vol. 39, no. 4, p. 385-407.
• Gowing P.,1968, The Disentanglement of Church and state early in the American regime in the Philippines, in: Anderson G. (ed.), Studies in the Philippine Church History, Cornell University Press, London, p. 203-222.
• Hagspiel B., 1925, Along the Mission Trail, Mission Press S.V.D., Techny.
• Kalaw T., 1969, The Philippine Revolution, Jorge B. Vargas Filipiniana Foundation, Kawalihan.
• Köster F. & Zulehner P., 1986, Macht und Ohnmacht auf den Philippinen, Walter, Freiburg i. Br.
• Laubach F., 1925, The People of the Philippines, George H. Doran Company, New York.
• Legaspi L., 1965, The Church in the Philippines since 1900, Boletin Ecclesiastico de Filipinas, UST Manila, vol. 39, no. 435, p. 339-352.
• MacKenzie K.M., 1961, The Robe and the Sword: The Methodist Church and the Rise of American Imperialism, Public Affairs Press, Washington.
• Mees J.M., 1917, Der Kampf gegen die Katholischen Schulen, Monatshefte Hiltrup Zeitschrift, Hiltrup, vol. 34, p. 15-20, 61-65.
• Molina, A., 1960a, The Philippines Through the Centuries, vol. 1, U.S.T. Cooperative, Manila.
• Molina, A., 1960b, The Philippines Through the Centuries, vol. 2, U.S.T. Cooperative, Manila.
• Nacpil E., 1965, Religious Liberty and Proselytism in the Philippines, Silliman Journal, Dumaguete City, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 184-195.
• Report of the Philippine Commission to the President, 1901, vol. 4, Gov’t print. Off, Washington, p. 100, 112.
• Robertson J., 1918, The Aglipay Schism in the Philippine Islands, The Catholic Historical Review, Washington, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 330-340.
• Rogan, 1910, The Need of Catholic Schools in the Philippines, Illustrated Catholic Mission, London, vol. 24, p. 119-120.
• Rosa de la R., 1990, Beginnings of the Filipino Dominicans, Dominican Province of the Philippines, Quezon City.
• Schumacher J., 1972, Father Jose Burgos. Priest and Nationalist, Ateneo de Manila University Press, Quezon City.
• Schumacher J., 1981, Revolutionary Clergy: The Filipino Clergy and the Nationalist Movement, 1850-1903, Ateneo de Manila University Press, Quezon City.
• Schumacher J., 1987, Readings in Philippine Church History, Ateneo de Manila University Press, Quezon City.
• Schwager F., 1914, Die Mission auf den Philippinen, Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft, no. 4, Aschendorf, Münster, p. 114-134, 198-236.
• Skolnik R., 1973, The Catholic Church and the Independence, 1898-1916, Philippine Historical Review, Manila, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 73-111.
• Steyler Missionare auf den Philippinen, 1914-1915, in: Steyler Missionsbote, vol. 42, p. 158.
• Taft W., 1903, Report of the Civil Governor for the period ending Dec. 23, 1903, in: Report of the Philippine Commission, Part I, Gov’t print. Off., Washington.
• Taft W., 1909, Special Report. War Department (Friars’ Land), Bureau of Printing, Manila.
• Tuggy A., 1971, The Philippine Church: Growth in a changing Society, William B. Eerdman, Michigan.
• Wemmers J., 1913-1914, Die Schulfrage auf den Philippinen, Katholische Missionen, Freiburg i. Br., vol. 42, no. 6, p. 143-144, 172-173.
• Zaide G., 1954, The Philippine Revolution, Modern Book Co., Manila.

Identifiers

ISSN

1233-9717