SEM analysis of black toners on printouts. Part I

• Authors: Łasińska Anna

Title variants

PL

Analiza SEM czarnego tonera na wydrukach. Część I

• Languages of publication: EN PL

Abstracts

EN

This paper describes the use of scanning electron microscopy in the analysis of original black toners commercialized in Poland. A total of eighteen printouts of Canon, Dell, Epson and Ricoh manufacturer was analyzed. The analysis showed that the implementation of a much more sensitive method, such as the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided new opportunities for the identification of laser printing. The microscopic images obtained allowed us to allocate the characteristic features of toners to specific groups of devices.

PL

W publikacji przedstawiono wyniki analizy struktury powierzchni czarnych tonerów na wydrukach, dokonanej za pomocą skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego. Przeprowadzono testy tonerów z kilku wydruków pochodzących z 18-laserowych urządzeń drukujących czterech firm: Canon, Dell, Epson i Ricoh. Wdrożenie skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej do kryminalistycznych badań dokumentów stworzyło nowe możliwości identyfikacji laserowych urządzeń drukujących. Uzyskane obrazy mikroskopowe pozwoliły na przyporządkowanie charakterystycznych cech tonerów do poszczególnych grup urządzeń.

Keywords

EN

toners; Canon; Dell; Epson; Ricoh; scanning electron microscopy; SEM

PL

toner; Canon; Dell; Epson; Ricoh; skaningowa mikroskopia elektronowa; SEM

• Publisher: Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
• Journal: Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego
• Year: 2019
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 21
• Pages: 363-392

Dates

published

2019-11-29

Contributors

author

Łasińska Anna

• doktor, funkcjonariuszka Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego

References

• Almeida Assis A.C. i in., Diamond cell Fourier trans form infrared spectroscopy transmittance analysis of black toners on questioned documents, „Forensic Science International” 2012, nr 1–3, s. 59–66.
• Bartick E.G., Tungol M.W., Reffner J.A., A new approach to forensic analysis with infrared microscopy: Internal reflection spectroscopy, „Analytica Chimica Acta” 1994, nr 1–2, s. 35–42.
• Brandi J., James B., Gutowski S.J., Differentiation and classification of photocopier toners, „International Journal of Forensic Document Examiners” 1997, nr 3, s. 324–344.
• Challinor J.M., Pyrolysis gas chromatography – source forensic applications, „Chemistry in Australia” 1990, nr 57, s. 90–92.
• Chang, W.T., Huang, C.W., Giang, Y.S., An improvement on Py – GC – MS, „Journal of Forensic Sciences” 1993, nr 38, s. 843–863.
• Duewer D.L., Kowalski B.R., Forensic data analysis by pat tern recognition. Categorization of white bond papers by elemental composition, „Analytical Chemistry” 1975, nr 47, s. 526–530.
• Egan W.J i in., Forensic discrimination of photocopy and printer toners II, „Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry” 2003, nr 8, s. 1279–1285.
• Hrycuniak T., Druk laserowy, „CHIP” 2006, z. 2, s. 121–124.
• Irwin W.J., Analytical pyrolysis: a comprehensive guide, New York 1982, Marcel Dekker.
• Lennard C.J., Mazzella W.D., A simple combined technique for the analysis of toners and adhesives, „Journal of the Forensic Science Society” 1991, nr 31, s. 365–371.
• Levy E.J., Wampler T.P., Proceedings of the International Symposium of Questioned Documents, Washington, DC 1987, Federal Bureau of Investigation.
• Łasińska A., Assessment of the possibility of identification of black toners on printouts in Lexmark printers using SEM method, „Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure” 2018, nr 6, s. 145–159.
• Mazzella W.D., Lennard C.J., Margot P.A., Classification and identification of photocopying toners by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). I. Preliminary results, „Journal of Forensic Sciences” 1991, nr 36, s. 449–465.
• Mazzella W.D., Lennard C.J., Margot P.A., Classification and identification of photocopying toners by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS): II. Final report, „Journal of Forensic Sciences” 1991, nr 36, s. 820–837.
• Merrill R.A., Bartick E.G., Mazzella W.D., Studies of techniques for analysis of photocopy toners by IR, „Journal of Forensic Science” 1996, nr 41, s. 264–271.
• Merrill R.A., Bartick E.G., Taylor H.J. III, Forensic discrimination of photocopy and printer toners I. The development of an infrared spectra library, „Analytical and BioanalyticalChemistry” 2003, nr 8, s. 1272–1278.
• Munson T., The classification of photocopies by Py – GC – MS, „Journal of Forensic Sciences” 1989, nr 2, s. 352–365.
• Munson T., A survey of the use of analytical pyrolysis by forensic laboratories in the United States, „Crime Laboratory Digest” 1987, nr 1, s. 112–117.
• Rożnowski J., Trzcińska B.M., Kościelniak P., Physical and chemical identyfication studies of powders for full colour photocopying machines, „Z Zagadnień Nauk Sądowych” 1998, nr 38, s. 79–91.
• Simon P.J., Giessen B.C., Copeland T.R., Categorization of papers by trace metal content using atomic absorption spectrometric and pattern recognition techniques, „Analytical Chemistry” 1977, nr 49, s. 2285–2288.
• Szczepańczyk S., Konarowska U., Application of the optical microscopy for verification of documents obtained from the laser printer devices, „Problemy Kryminalistyki” 2012, nr 276, s. 65–68.
• Tandon G., Jasuja O.P., Sehgal V.N., The characterization of photocopy toners using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, „International Journal of Forensic Document Examiners” 1997, nr 2, s. 119–126.
• Totty R.N. i in., Analysis of duplicator (photocopy) toners. Proceedings of the International Symposium of Questioned Documents, Quantico 1985, Federal Bureau of Investigation Academy.
• Trzcińska B.M., Classification of black powder toners on the basis of integrated analytical information provided by FTIR and XRF spectrometry, „Journal of Forensic Sciences” 2006, nr 51, s. 919−924.
• Trzcińska B.M., Brożek-Mucha Z., The Possibilities of Identifying Photocopy Toners by Means of Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Microscopy (SEM--EDX), „Mikrochimica Acta” 1997, Suplement 14, s. 235–237.
• Wampler T.P., Applied pyrolysis handbook, New York 1995, Marcel Dekker.
• Wampler T.P., Proceedings of the International Symposium of Forensic Aspects of Trace Evidence, Quantico 1991, Federal Bureau of Investigation Academy.
• Wampler T.P., Levy E.J., Analytical Pyrolysis in the forensic science, „Crime Laboratory Digest”1985, nr 12, s. 25–28.
• Warman G.P., Curry C.J., Burke P., Evaluation of Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry for Examining Plain Paper Photocopies, „Forensic Science Society Journal” 1984, nr 24, s. 415–428.
• Wheals B.B., The practical application of pyrolytic methods in forensic science during the last decade, „Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis” 1985, nr 8, s. 503–514.

Identifiers

ISSN

2080-1335