EN
This study sets its goal to establish, on the basis of documents in the Russian archives that have been made accessible, that in the Soviet society of the 1960s a new concept was expressed about the possible development of the USSR. It was took shape in the milieu of the scientific, technical, and artistic intelligentsia and it emerged from an understanding of the social significance of the global changes that accompanied the transformation of industrially advanced countries into the new postindustrial period. The conception of potentially asserting a greater degree of freedom in public life predominated. The so-called “science cities” became the centers of these activities in the USSR. These towns had been built in various parts of the country and were equipped with top-of-the-line technical facilities and above- standard living and working conditions for the Soviet scientific elite.