Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2018 | 7 | 141-156

Article title

The Kizil Caves as an terminus post quem of the Central and Western Asiatic pear-shape spangenhelm type helmets. The David Collection helmet and its place in the evolution of multisegmented dome helmets

Authors

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
Current paper consists of two main parts. In the first part the author discusses arms and armor presented in the Kizil Caves depictions, suggesting a datation of the two well-knowncaves, namely so-called Maya Cave and Cave of the Painter. In the second part of this paper the author discusses a helmet found in Iran and currently held in the David Collection,Copenhagen. On the basis of a detailed comparative analysis, the author puts forward a thesis of correlation between the lamellar and spangen pear-shape helmets dating the objects tolate 6th-beginning of the 7th century CE. Specifically, it is suggested that the David Collection helmet is a later evolution of such forms that was known in the late-Sasanian period.

Keywords

Year

Issue

7

Pages

141-156

Physical description

References

  • AKHMEDOV I.R., BIRKINA N.A. (2017), Shlemy iz mogilnika rjazansko-okskih finnov u s. Charichino (predvaritel’noe soobshenie), in: Evropa od latena do Srednevekov’ja, varvarskij mir i rozhdenie slavianskih kul’tur, k 60-letiju A. M. Oblomskogo, I.O. GAVRITHIN, N.V. LOPANTIN, A.M. OBLOMSKIJ (eds.), Moskwa, 235-248.
  • ALEXANDER D. (1992), The Arts of War. Arms and Armour of the 7th to 19th Centuries, The Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Art, vol. 21, London.
  • ARENDT W. (1932), Beiträge zur entstehung des Spangenharnisches. Ein alttürkischer Waffenfund ans Kertsch, “Zeitschrift für Historische Waffen- und Kostümkunde” 13, 49-55.
  • ARENDT W. (1935), Der Nomadenhelm des frühen Mittelalters in Osteuropa, “Zeitschrift für Historisches Waffen- und Kostümkunde“, Neue Folge 5, 26-34.
  • ARZHANTSEVA I.A., INEVATKINA O.N. (2006), Iranian People depicted in Afrasiab wall Painting (7th CE), in: Proceedings of the 5th Conference of the Societas Iranologica Europaea held in Ravena, 6-11 October 2003, Vol. 1., Ancient & Middle Iranian Studies, A. PANAINO, A. PIRLAS (eds.), Milano, 307-317.
  • AZARPAY G. (1981), Sogdian Painting: The Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art, London.
  • AZARPAY G. (2014), The Afrasiab Murals: a Pictorial Narrative Reconsidered, “Silk Road” 12, 49-56.
  • BOBROV L.A., HUDJAKOV JU.S. (2005), Voennoe delo sjanbijskih gosudarstv Severnogo Kitaja IV-VI vv.n.e., in: Voennoe delo nomadov Chentralnoi Azii v sjanbijskuju epohu, JU. S. HUDJAKOV, S.G. SKOBELEVA (eds.), Novosybirsk, 80-199.
  • BOBROV L.A., HUDJAKOV JU.S. (2006), Plastiny-nakladki s vyreznym kraem na srednevekovyh shlemah stepnoi polosy Evrazii I prilegajushyh teritorij, “Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Serija: Istorija, Filologija” 5. 3. Arheologija i etnografija, 87-105.
  • BOCHEŃSKI Z (1930), Polskie szyszaki wczesnośredniowieczne, Kraków.
  • BUSSAGLI M. (1963), Paintings of Central Asia, Geneva.
  • CANEPA M.P. (2009), The Two Eyes of the Earth: Art and Ritual of Kingship Between Rome and Sasanian Iran, Berkley-Los Angeles.
  • CASALINI A. (2015), Towards a new approach to the study of the Buddhist rock monasteries of Kuča (Xinjiang), MA thesis, Venezia.
  • CURTA F. (2007) The Earliest Avar-Age Stirrups, Or The „Stirrup Controversy" Revisited, in: The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans, Vol. 2, F. CURTA, R. KOVALEV (eds.), Leiden-Boston, 297-325,
  • FAN J. (2008), The Caves of Dunhuang, London.
  • GAULIER S., JERA-BEZARD R., MAILLARD M. (1976), Buddism in Afganistan and Central Asia, Leiden.
  • GHOSE R. (2008), The Kizil Caves: Date, Art, and Iconography, in: Kizil on the Silk Road: Crossroads of Commerce & Meeting of Minds, R. GHOOSE (ed.), Mumbai, 40-53.
  • GOLDEN P. B. (1992), An introduction to the History of the Turkic People, Wiesbaden.
  • GORELIK M.V. (2002), Armii mongolo-tatar X-XIV viekov, voinskie iskusstvo, oruzhie, snarjazhenie, Moskva.
  • GUIDE A. (1922), A guide to the Babylonian and Assyrian antiques, London.
  • GRENET F. (2006), What was Afrasiab painting about?, “Rivista degli studi orientali” Nuova Serie 78, 43-58.
  • GRÜNWEDEL A. (1912), Altbuddhistische Kultstätten in Chinesisch-Turkistan, Berlin.
  • GRÜNWEDEL A. (1920), Alt-Kutscha, Berlin.
  • HÄRTEL H., YALDIZ M. (1982), Along the Ancient Silk Routes: Central Asian Art from the West Berlin State Museums, New York.
  • HIYAMA S. (2013), クチャの第一樣式壁畫に見られるエフタル期 のモチーフについて [Study on the first-style murals of Kucha: Analysis of some motifs related to the Hephthalite’s period], in: Buddhism and Art in Gandhāra and Kucha: Buddhist Culture along the Silk Road; Gandhāra, Kucha, and Turfan, Section I, A. MIYANJI (ed.), Kyoto, 125-163.
  • HOLUBIEV A.M. (2015), Evoljuchija klinkovoi zbroi kochivnikiv rann’oho seredn’ovichchja,“Arheologia” 4, 62-76.
  • HOWARD A.F. (1991), In Support of a New Chronology for the Kizil Mural Paintings, “Archives of Asian Art” 44, 68-83.
  • IVANOV G.E. (1987), Vooruzhenje plemjen lesostepnogo Altaja v rannom zhelaznom veke, in: Voennoe delo drevnego naselenija Severnoj Azii, V.E. MEDVEDEV, JU.S. HUDJAKOV (eds.), Novosybirsk, 6-27.
  • JAMES S. (1986), Evidence from Dura-Europos for the Origins of Late Roman Helmets, “Syria Annėe” 63, 107-134.
  • KAINOV S.YU. (2016), Detal shlema iz raskopok Sarkela-Beloj Vezhi, “Arheologicheskie Vesti” 22, 130-134.
  • KAINOV S.YU. (2017), The helmet from Krasnodar Theritory, in: Crowns, hats, turbans and helmets, The headgear in Iranian history, vol. I: Pre-Islamic Period, K. MAKSYMIUK, G. KARAMIAN (eds.), Siedlce-Tehran, 256-261.
  • KLIMBURG M. (1974), Die Entwicklung des 2. Indo-Iranischen Stils von Kutscha. in: Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der altaischen Volker, Permanent International Altaistic Conference, G. HANZAI, P. ZIEME (eds.), Berlin, 317-325.
  • KIM H.J. (2015) 갑주, 전사의 상징 [Armor, the symbol of warriors], Gimhae.
  • KIRPICHNIKOV A.N. (1971), Drevnorusskoe oruzhie, III, dospeh, kompleks boevyh sredstv IX-XIII v., Leningrad.
  • KOMAR A.V. (2001), Proishozhdenie pojasnyh naborov rannesaltovskogo typa, in: Kultury Evrazijackih stepej vtoroj poloviny I tys. n.e. (iz istorii kostjuma), E.P. KOZAKOV (ed.), Samara, 2001.
  • KOMAR A.V. (2018), Birch Bark Decoration of Scabbard of an Early Medieval Sword from Yablunya, in: Drevnosti, issledovanija, problemy, sbornik statej v chast 70-letija N. P. Tel’nova, V.S. SUNUKU, R.A. RABUNOVUCHA (eds.), Kishinev-Tiraspol’, 409-422.
  • KUBIK A.L. (2014), Przedstawienie irańskich końskich pancerzy w azerbejdżańskim romansie Varqa i Gulshah z początku 13 wieku. O sasanidzkiej? genezie elementu końskiego oporządzenia w okresie seldżuckim, “Historia i Świat” 3, 61-71.
  • KUBIK A.L. (2016) Introduction to studies on late Sasanian protective armour. The Yarysh-Mardy helmet, “Historia i Świat” 5, 77-105.
  • KUBIK A.L (2017a), Hełmy Azji Południowo-Zachodniej pomiędzy VI-VIII w.n.e. zarys problematyki. Siedlce.
  • KUBIK A.L. (2017b), Sasanian lamellar helmets, in: Crowns, hats, turbans and helmets, The headgear in Iranian history, vol. I: Pre-Islamic Period, K. MAKSYMIUK, G. KARAMIAN (eds.), Siedlce-Tehran, 195-210.
  • KUBIK A.L. (2018), O wpływie sasanidzkich hełmów lamelkowych na sztukę wczesnego islamu, in: Istorìâ relìgìj v Ukraïnì: naukovij šorìčnik, O. KIRIČUK, M. OMEL'ČUK (eds.), L'vìv, 30-41.
  • KUBIK A.L., NICOLLE D. (2018), The helmet from Multa river reconsidered, in: Voenna Archeologia, vyp. 4, O.V. DVURECHESKI (ed.), Moskwa, 17-30.
  • KULESHOV YU. A. (2009), Novaja nahodka boevoj maski na territorii Rossijskoj Federachii, “Acta Militaria Mediaevalia” 5, 165-173.
  • LE COQ von A., WALDSCHMIDT E. (1922), Die buddhistische spätantike in Mittelasien, vol. VII, Berlin.
  • LE COQ von A. (1925), Bilderatlas zur Kunst und Kulturgeschichte Mittel-Asiens, Vol.1, Berlin.
  • MAKSYMIUK K. (2015), Geography of Roman-Iranian wars: military operations of Rome and Sasanian Iran, Siedlce.
  • MAZITOV N.A. (1981), Kurgany Juzhnogo Urala VIII-XII vv., Moscow.
  • MIKS CH. (2009), Relikte eines frühmittelalterlichen Oberschichtgrabes?, “Jahrbuch des RömischGermanischen Zentralmuseum Mainz” 56, 395-538.
  • MORITA M. (2015), The Kizil Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum, “Metropolitan Museum Journal” 50, 115-135.
  • NADOLSKI A. (1960), Uwagi o wczesnośredniowiecznych hełmach typu wielkopolskiego, “Prace i materiały muzeum archeologicznego i etnograficznego w Łodzi, Seria archeologiczna” 5, 99-122.
  • NARLOCH K. (2014), Jazda Rzymska od połowy III w. po podział cesarstwa, Oświęcim.
  • NICOLLE D. (1996), Sassanian Armies. The Iranian Empire early 3rd to mid 7th century AD, Stockport.
  • NICOLLE D. (2017), One-piece Sasanian and Early Islamic Helmets, in: Crowns, hats, turbans and helmets, The headgear in Iranian history, vol. I: Pre-Islamic Period, K. MAKSYMIUK, G. KARAMIAN (eds.), Siedlce-Tehran, 223-253.
  • OVERLAET B. (1993), Organisation militaire et armement, in: Splendeur des Sassanides. L’empire perse entre Rome et la Chine [224–642 après J.C.], B. OVERLAET (ed.), Bruxelles, 89-94.
  • PAULSEN P. (1967), Alamanniche ad elsgräben von Niederstotzingen, I, Stuttgart.
  • RADJUSH O.A. (2014), Shlemy epohi pereselenija narodov iz podneprov’ja, in: Voinskie Tradichii v Arhaeologicheskom Kontekste: ot pozdnego latena do pozdnego srednevekov’ja, I.G. BURCHEV (ed.), Tula, 40-51.
  • RADJUSH O.A., SHEGLOVA O.A. (2012), Volnikovskij <> i Kurskoe Poseim’e v epohu Velikogo Pereselenia Narodov, Kursk.
  • RADJUSH O.A., SHEGLOVA O.A. (2015), The buried Treasure of VolnikovkA». Horse and Rider outfit complex First half of the V century A.D. Collection Catalogue, Moscow.
  • SALIHOV B.M. (1985), Kalkninskij mogilnik, in: Drevne kultury Severo Vostochnogo Kavkaza, M.M. MAMAEV (ed.), Makhachkala, 167-187.
  • SKUPNIEWICZ P.N. (2007), Hełm wojownika przedstawionego na kapitelu w Tak e Bostan, „Acta Militaria Mediaevalia” 3, 9-28.
  • SKUPNIEWICZ P.N. (2017), The bullae of the spahbedan. Iconographic remarks, in: Crowns, hats, turbans and helmets, The headgear in Iranian history, vol. I: Pre-Islamic Period, K. MAKSYMIUK, G. KARAMIAN (eds.), Siedlce-Tehran, 107-120.
  • SOO H. I. and others (2010), 한국의 고대갑주 [Ancient Korean Armour] L. H. JOO (ed.), Busan.
  • SU B. (1989), 克孜尔石窟部分洞窟阶段划分与年代等问题的初步探索 [Preliminary Study of the Classification by Period and the Question of Dating Some Caves of Kizil], in: Zhangguo shiku, Kezier shiku, X. WEIWUER (ed.), Beijing, 10-23.
  • SU B. (1997), 克孜尔部分洞窟阶段划分与年代等问题的初步探索 [Preliminary Investigation Concerning the Periodsation and Chronology of Part of the Kizil Caves], in: Xinjiang Kezi’er shiku kaogu baogao, D.K. BEIJING (ed.), Beijing, 151-163.
  • TROUSDALE W. (1975), The long sword and scabbard slide in Asia, Washington
  • VIGNATO G. (2005), Kizil: Characteristics and Development of the Groups of Caves in Western Guxi,“Annali dell’Universita degli Studi di Napoli “l’Orientale” 65, 121-140.
  • VIGNATO G. (2006), Archaeological Survey of Kizil: Its Groups of Caves, Districts, Chronology, and Buddhist Schools, “East and West” 56, 359-416.
  • VOGT M. (2006), Spangenhelme, - Baldenheim und verwandte Typen, (Kataloge vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Altertümer, Band 39), Mainz.
  • WERNER J. (1973), Rezension: P. PAULSEN, Alamannishe Adelsgrüben von Niederstotzingen,“Germania” 51, 278-289.
  • ZHU T. (2003), The Sun God and the Wind Deity at Kizil, in: Ērān ud Anērān, Webfestschrift Marshak Studies presented to Boris Ilich Marshak on occasion of his 70th birthday, M. COMPARETTI, P. RAFFETTA, G. SCARCIA (eds.), Buenos Aires, 681-718.
  • ZUBOV S.E. (1999), K probleme etnokulturnoj iterpretachii pamjatnikov andreevskogo-piseral’skogo tipa, in: Issledovanija P.D. Stepanova I etnokulturna prochessy drevnosti I sovremiennosti: materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoj konferenchii posviashennoi 100-letniyu P.D. Stepanova, N.M. ARSENT’EV (ed.), Saransk, 44-51.
  • ZUBOV, S.E. (2011), Voinskie migrachii rimskogo vremeni v Srednem Povolzh’e (I-III v.v.), Saarbrücken.
  • ZUBOV S.E., RADJUSH, O.A. (2014), Shlemy Srednego Povolz'ja v srednesarmatskoe vremja, in: Sarmaty i vneshnij mir. Materialy VIII Vserossijskoj (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem) nauchnoj konferenchii «Problemy Sarmatskoi Arheologii i Istorii» IIJAL UNCH RAN, 12-15 Maja 2014 g., L.T. JABLONSKIJ, N.S. SABEL’EV (eds.), Ufa, 94-104.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-e1c57d19-4f07-40d4-b456-42afdd447c27
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.