Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2011 | 2(18) | 217-232

Article title

Obóz karny SS i policji w Maćkowach pod Gdańskiem

Authors

Content

Title variants

EN
The SS and the police penal camp in Maćkowy near Gdańsk

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

EN
The SS and the police penal camp in Maćkowy near Gdańsk The article presents the establishment and operations of the SS and police penal camp in the town of Maćkowy near Gdańsk in the years 1941-1945, as well as the role played by the camp in the years 1939-1941. In addition, the article outlines the special judiciary system of the SS and the police, and the system for establishing military and police units consisting of convicted SS and police officers. The camp was set up in 1939 to serve as the barracks of a new SS unit established in Gdańsk, which played an active role in the battle of Westerplatte and the attack on the Polish Post Office. From October 1940 to July 1941, Maćkowy was the site of a Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle camp for Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans) as well as German settlers from Lithuanian territories. When the camp was taken over by the Main Judiciary Office of the SS, the center was reconstructed and modernized (new guard towers, fencing, and barrack were added). In January 1942, the first convicts brought from KL Dachau were admitted to the camp. As of March 1942, the Maćkowy camp served as the Third Reich’s central penal camp for the SS and the police. The inmates—convicted soldiers of the SS, policemen, as well as members of security and guard forces subordinated to the special judiciary of the SS—were put to work both within the camp and outside it, mainly on farms and in municipal and SS-operated industries in Gdańsk and its vicinity. With increasing numbers of inmates and camp personnel shortages, there were proposals to send large groups of inmates to other centers, but only one branch of the camp was eventually established in Berlin-Ludwigsfelde. Due to the growing need for new units on the eastern front, the camp also sent inmates to special Waffen-SS and police units (Bewährungseinheiten) in which convicts could get a reduction of part of their sentence. Numerous attempts to establish new SS and police penal camps failed and the Maćkowy camp remained the largest center of this kind until the end of the war. It was evacuated in February 1945.

Keywords

Contributors

author
  • Uniwersytet Gdański

References

  • F.W. Seidler, Das Lager Danzig-Matzkau. Strafvollzug in der Waffen-SS, „Damals” 1992, nr 4, s. 355–363 M. Orski, Filie obozu koncentracyjnego Stutthof w latach 1939–1945, Gdańsk 2004 E. Gołąbek, Dzieje okolic Gdańsk i Gdyni, Gdańsk 2010 Przygotowania niemieckie do agresji na Polskę w 1939 r. w świetle sprawozdań oddziału II Sztabu Głównego WP (dokumenty), oprac. M. Cieplewicz, M. Zgórniak, Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków 1969 T. Cyprian, J. Sawicki, Agresja na Polskę w świetle dokumentów, Warszawa 1946 P. Krauß, Damals. Heimwehr Danzig. Erinnerungen und Begegnungen, Cottbus 1982 R. Michaelis, SS-Heimwehr Danzig, Warszawa 2003 G. Tessin, Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939–1945, t. 3: Die Landstreitkräfte 6–14, Osnabrück 1974 E. Rojowska, M. Tomkiewicz, Gdynia 1939–1945 w świetle źródeł niemieckich i polskich. Aresztowania – egzekucje – wysiedlenia ludności cywilnej narodowości polskiej, Gdynia 2009 Meldungen aus dem Reich 1938–1945. Die geheimen Lageberichte des Sicherheitsdienstes der SS, t. 3: Berichte zur innenpolitischen Lage, Berlin 1984 W. Jastrzębski, Znaczenie hitlerowskich obozów Centrali Przesiedleńczej w Gdańsku w systemie wyniszczania i dyskryminacji ludności polskiej Pomorza Gdańskiego w latach 1939–1945 [w:] Obozy hitlerowskie na Pomorzu Zachodnim i Gdańskim w latach drugiej wojny światowej, red. L. Janiszewski, Szczecin 1989, s. 103 V.O. Lumans, Himmler’s Auxiliaries. The Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the german national minorities of Europe 1933–1945, Chapel Hill–London 1993 M. Messerschmidt, Die Wehrmachtjusitz 1933–1945, Paderborn –München–Wien–Zürich 2005 H. Buchheim, Die SS – das Herrschaftsinstrument Befehl und Gehorsam [w:] Anatomie des SS-Staates, t. 1, Olten u. Freiburg im Breisgau 1965 F. Schönhuber, Ich war dabei, München 1989 H-P. Klausch, Antifaschisten in SS-Uniform. Schicksal und Widerstand der deutschen politischen KZ-Häftlinge, Zuchthaus- und Wehrmachtstrafgefangenen in der SS Sonderformation Dirlewanger, Bremen 1993 R. Michaelis, Das SS-Fallschirmjäger-Bataillon 500/600. Budapest –Leskovar–Drovar–Kaunas–Raseinen–Malmedy–Schwedt–Zehden–Prenzlau, Berlin 2004 KL Auschiwtz seen by the SS. Höss. Broad. Kremer, Oświęcim 1978 H. Höhne, Zakon Trupiej Czaszki, Warszawa 1997 R. Absolon, Die Sondereinheiten der früheren Wehrmacht (Straf-, Bewährungs- und Erziehungseinrichtungen), Kornelimünster 1952 H. Voigt, Sondertruppen zur Frontbewährung im 2. Weltkrieg. Ein Beitrag zu ihrer Geschichte, Teil II, „Deutsches Soldaten-Jahrbuch” 1980–1982, t. 28–30 H. Auerbach, Die Einheit Dirlewanger, „Vierteljahreshefte für Zeitgeschichte” 1962, z. 2 , s. 252 R. Michaelis, SS-Sonderkommando Dirlewanger. Ein Beispiel deutscher Besatzungspolitik im Weißrussland, Berlin 1999 B. Wegner, Hitlers politische Soldaten: Die Waffen-SS 1933–1945. Studien zu Leitbild, Struktur und Funktion einer nationalsozialistischen Elite, Paderborn 1983 G. Williamson, SS: Gwardia Adolfa Hitlera. Pełna historia Schutzstaffel od ulicznych bojówek do Waffen-SS, Warszawa 1995 H. Voigt, Sondertruppen zur Frontbewährung im 2. Weltkrieg. Ein Beitrag zur ihrer Geschichte, Teil VIII, „Deutsches Soldaten-Jahrbuch” 1987, t. 35, s. 283–285 C. Werner, Kriegswirtschaft und Zwangsarbeit bei BMW, München 2006 J. Dimsdale, Survivors, victims and perpetrators. Essays an the Nazi Holocaust, New York 1980 J.-C. Wagner, Konzentrationslager Mittelbau-Dora 1943–1945: Begleitband zur ständigen Ausstellung in der KZ-Gedenkstätte Mittelbau-Dora, Göttingen 2007 J. Gdański, Łotewska Dywizja Waffen SS na Pomorzu, „Inne Oblicza Historii” 2005, nr 1(4), s. 60–69 H. Kaienburg, Die Wirtschaft der SS, Berlin 2003 H.J. Pantenius, Letzte Schlacht an der Ostfront. Von Döberitz bis Danzig 1944/45, Hamburg–Berlin–Bonn 2000 B. Dolata, Wyzwolenie Polski 1944–1945. Działania wyzwoleńcze Armii Radzieckiej i Ludowego Wojska Polskiego, Warszawa 1966

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-e7831dec-fb67-4653-b136-a00d088cd449
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.