This paper presents the role of worldview factors in shaping a different picture of the world in the thoughts of Galileo, J. Kepler, Descartes and G.W. Leibniz. The paper analyzes beliefs, presented by discussed scholars, about God and His relationship to the creation, images of the world constructed by scholars, and their cognitive consequences. All scholars acknowledged the action of God's omnipotence in the world, but they interpreted the nature and scope of this activity differently. These beliefs influenced the choice of research methods, that they considered reliable. This paper also points to the possible influence of confession beliefs on specific elements of different world images; related to, e.g. dependence of creation on the Creator, more widely accented in Lutheran denomination.