EN
This paper analyzes the semantic properties of two semantically related expressions błąd (‘mistake’) and pomyłka (‘error’). The presented hypotheses are of a preliminary nature and are limited to the recognition of the basic problems associated with the description of the analyzed expressions, followed by ordering arrangements and research differentiations. This article discusses the current state of research (E. Grodziński’s article (1980) and dictionary definitions) concerning the investigated topic, isolates linguistic units representing the analyzed notions, and examines the most significant problems related to the description of the meanings of the analyzed expressions. One of the most important issues is the question of relating the expressions błąd and pomyłka to the phenomena that occur in the system (mistake / error in spelling, calculation, etc.) and to life situations (mistakes made giving away one’s children to one’s sister, resigning from work, etc.). Deliberations presented here are treated as an introduction to a detailed semantic analysis of the described units.