“Red wins”, “black wins” and “blue loses” effects are in the eye of beholder, but they are culturally universal: A cross-cultural analysis of the influence of outfit colours on sports performance.

• Authors: Piotr Sorokowski , Andrzej Szmajke , Takeshi Hamamura , Feng Jiang , Agnieszka Sorokowska
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Although many studies have demonstrated an influence of uniform colors on sports performance, there are still more questions than answers regarding this issue. In our study, participants from Poland (N = 147) and China (N = 143) watched a two-minute video of a semi-professional boxing match. The participants viewed six different versions of the same fight - the original was modified to change the colors of the boxers’ trunks (red vs. blue, blue vs. red, blue vs. black, black vs. blue, red vs. black, and black vs. red). We experimentally confirmed that “black wins” and “red wins” effects exist, but in a way that caused an erroneous perception of the number of blows landed by boxers wearing red and black trunks fighting against boxers in blue trunks. We also showed that both effects are similarly strong even in Chinese culture, where the color red has different connotations from those in Western cultures. Additionally, our results suggest that context might play a very important role in the assessments of the boxers - color only influenced the perception of the weaker boxer. Finally, our findings suggest that the topic of the influence of colors on sports competitions has not been thoroughly investigated and further studies are necessary.

Keywords

EN

colors; boxing; perception; competition; cross-culture differences

• Publisher: Polska Akademia Nauk
• Journal: Polish Psychological Bulletin
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 45
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 318-325

Dates

published

2014-09-01

online

2014-09-09

Contributors

author

Piotr Sorokowski

• Piotr Sorokowski, Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Dawida 1, 50-527 Wroclaw, Poland

author

Andrzej Szmajke

• Institute of Psychology, University of Opole, Poland

author

Takeshi Hamamura

• The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong

author

Feng Jiang

• Central University of Finance and Economics, Department of Organization and Human Resource Management, Beijing, China

author

Agnieszka Sorokowska

• Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Poland

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Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/ppb-2014-0039