Do the Swiss not want to join the EU? Swiss Referenda on European integration

• Authors: Elżbieta Kużelewska

Title variants

PL

Czy Szwajcarzy nie chcą dołączyć do UE? Szwajcarskie referenda w sprawie integracji europejskiej

• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Switzerland is unique in Western Europe, not having joined the European Union (EU). Switzerland is still neither a member of the EU nor of the European Economic Area. However, the Swiss were asked to vote on issues concerning the EU several times. Three times the results of those referenda were negative. The Swiss seem to be satisfied with a relationship with the EU based on bilateral agreements. They do not see the need for closer cooperation, within the structure of the EU. The aim of this paper is to explore whether the citizens of Switzerland want to join the EU or not. Analyzing the negative results of Swiss referenda on issues concerning the EU might be helpful in understanding the Swiss point of view.

PL

Szwajcaria jest jednym z nielicznych państw Europy Zachodniej, które nie przystąpiły do UE. Szwajcarzy kilkakrotnie wzywani byli do głosowania w referendum w sprawach związanych z UE, niemniej trzykrotnie głosowali przeciwko. Obywatele Szwajcarii wydają się być zadowoleni ze stosunków z UE opartych na umowach dwustronnych. Nie widzą potrzeby zacieśniania współpracy. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie czy obywatele Szwajcarii rzeczywiście nie chcą przystąpienia ich państwa do UE. Analiza negatywnych wyników referendów w sprawach dotyczących UE może być przydatna w zrozumieniu szwajcarskiego punktu widzenia.

Keywords

EN

Switzerland; referenda; the European Union; popular initiative; Switzerland; referenda; the European Union; popular initiative

PL

Szwajcaria; referenda; Unia Europejska; inicjatywa ludowa

• Publisher: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
• Journal: Przegląd Politologiczny
• Year: 2013
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 85-98

Dates

published

2018-06-21

Contributors

author

Elżbieta Kużelewska

• University of Białystok

References

• Beck B., D. Klóti (2007), Free movement of Services between Switzerland and the European Union. Short Analysis o f the Status Quo with Focus on Delimitation between Free Movement o f Services and Free Movement o f Establishment, http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=l555182&fileOId=l563574, 26.04.2013.
• Bernet P. (1992), A la suitę du double non suisse a l ’espace economiąue europeen (The Swiss Double Negative to the EEA), “Revue de droit des affaires intemationalles”, no. 8.
• Besselink L. F. M. (2006), Report on the Netherlands. Double Dutch: the Referendum on the European Constitution, “European Public Law”, vol. 12 (3).
• Bilateral Agreements Switzerland-European Union. Factsheets (2007), Integration Office FDFA/FDEA, www.europa.admin.ch, 3.05.2013.
• Centre for Research on Direct Democracy (c2d).
• Church C. (2003), The Context o f Swiss Opposition to Europę, SIE Working Paper, no 64, https://www.sussex.ac.uk/webteam/gateway/file.php?name=sei-working-paper-no-64.pdf&site=266, 7.05.2013.
• Hufbauer C. G., Baldwin R. E. (2006), Swiss Relations with the EU, “Policy Analyses in Intemational Economics”, vol. 76. CNN.com.
• Dardanelli P. (2007), Federalism: institutional adaptation and symbolic constraints, in: Switzerland and the European Union, ed. C. H. Church, Routledge.
• DeRouen K., Heo U. (2005), Defense and Security. A Compendium o f National Armed Forces and Security Policies, Santa Barbara.
• Donovan T., Karp J. A. (2006), Popular Support for Direct Democracy, “Party Politics”, vol. 12.
• Dupont C., Sciarini P. (2001), Switzerland and the European Integration Process: Engagement without Marriage, “West European Politics” April, Special Edition The Swiss Labyrinth. lnstitutions, Outcomes and Redesign, vol. 24, no. 2.
• Egger A. (1998), Switzerland ś Integration Policy, in: Smali States Inside and Outside the European Union. Interests and Policies, ed. L. Goetschel, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• EU-Switzerland relations, EurActiv http://www.euractiv.com/global-europe/eu-switzerland-relations-linksdossier-500466, 4.03.2013.
• Gallagher M. (1997), The referendum in Europę, in: Le referendum europeen. Actes du colloąue International de Strasbourg 21-22 fevrier 1997, eds. A. Auer, J.-F. Flauss, Bruxelles.
• Hershman G. (2009), Switzerland votes 'yes ’ in key labour market referendum, The sofia echo, http://www.sofiaecho.com/2009/02/08/67144l_switzerland-votes-yes-in-key-labour-market-referendum, 6.05.2013.
• Hetherington-Gore J., Switzerland. Secrecy and the EU, http://www.lowtax.net/lowtax/html/jswspec.html, 5.05.2103.
• Kölliker A. (2007), A Double Interest Policy Divide: Votes and Interest Group Recommendations in Switzerland, in: Direct Democracy in Europę. Developments and Prospects, eds. Z. T. Pallinger, B. Kaufmann, W. Marxer, T. Schiller, Wiesbaden.
• Kriesi H. (2007), The role o f the political elite in Swiss direct-democratic votes, in: Direct Democracy in Europe. Developments and Prospects, eds. Z. T. Pallinger, B. Kaufmann, W. Marxer, T. Schiller, Wiesbaden.
• Krumowa K. (2009), Swiss Referendum Approves Free Movement o f EU Citizens, The Epoch Times, http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/world/swiss-referendum-free-movement-eu-citizens-11690.html, 6.05.2013.
• Kużelewska E. (2006), Referendum w procesie integracji europejskiej, ASPRA-JR, Warszawa.
• Kużelewska E. (2011), Udział Szwajcarskiego Zgromadzenia Federalnego w postępowaniach referendałnych, in: Parlamentaryzm w świecie współczesnym. Między ideą a rzeczywistością, eds. T. Mołdawa, J. Zaleśny, Dom Wydawniczy “Elipsa”, Warszawa.
• Landau A. (1993), Swiss neutrality: burgeoningpolicy or obstinate continuity?, “Studia diplomatica”, vol. 46, no. 6.
• Lutz G. (2012), Switzerland: Citizens ’Initiative as a Measure to Control the Political agenda, in: Citizens ’Initiatives in Europę. Procedures and Conseąuences o f Agenda-Setting by Citizens, eds. M. Setala, T. Schiller, Palgrave Macmillan.
• Mahoń M., Muller C. (1998), Adhesion de la Suisse a l ’Union europeenne et democratie directe, in: L ’adhesion de la Suisse a l ’Union europeenne, eds. T. Cottier, A. R. Kopśe, Ziirich.
• Mahoń P., Muller Ch. (1998), Adhesion de la Suisse a l ’Union europeenne et democratie directe, in: L ’adhesion de la Suisse a ł'Union europeenne, eds. T. Cottier, A. R. Kopśe, Ziirich.
• Marąuis L., Sciarini P. (1999), Opinion formation in foreign policy: the Swiss experience, “Electoral Studies”, vol. 18.
• Mazzoleni O. (2007), The Swiss People s Party and the Foreign and Security Police Since the 1990s, in: Europę for the Europeans. The Foreign and Security Policy o f the Populist Radical Right, ed. C. Schori Liang, Ashgate.
• Miller V., Referendums on the European Union, http://www.europarl.org.uk/ressource/static/files/ref-oneu.pdf, 8.05.2013.
• Musiał-Karg M. (2012), Elektroniczne referendum w Szwajcarii. Wybrane kierunki zmian helweckiej demokracji bezpośredniej, WNPiD UAM, Poznań.
• Musiał-Karg M. (2012), Instytucje demokracji bezpośredniej w procesie integracji europejskiej: od referendum ogólnonarodowego do europejskiej inicjatywy obywatelskiej, “Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej”, no. 6.
• Nugent N. (2006), The Government and Politics o f the European Union, Palgrave Macmillan.
• Papadopoulos Y. (2001), How Does Direct Democracy Matter? The Impact o f Referendum Votes on Politics and Policy-Making, “West European Politics”, Special Edition The Swiss Labyrinth. Institutions, Outcomes and Redesign, April, vol. 24, no. 2.
• Ray L. (1999), Measuring party orientation towards European integration: Results from expert survey, “European Journal of Political Research”, vol. 36.
• Ruffle G. (2013), Switzerland and the European Union: model for Britain?, http://www.global-vision.net/files/downloads/download544.pdf, 8.05.2013.
• Ruspini P. (2008), Report from Switzerland, in: Modes ofMigration Regulation and Control in Europe, eds. J. Doomemik, M. Jandl, Amsterdam University Press [electronic resourse].
• Schwok R. (199), The European Community and Switzerland: Fewer Frontiers but Continuing Neutrality, in: Swiss Neutrality and Security. Armed Forces, National Defence and Foreign Policy, eds. M. Milivojević, P. Maurer, New York-Oxford-Munich.
• Schwok R. (2009), Switzerland - European Union. An impossible Membership?, Brussels.
• Sciarini P., Listhaug O. (1997), Single Casesor Uniąue Pair? The Swiss andNorwegian No to Europe, “Journal of Common Market Studies”, September, vol. 35 (3).
• Sidjanski D. (1988), La Suisse face a la Communaute europeenne, “Problemes economiąues et politiąues” 24 fevrier, no. 2.063.
• Steinberg J. (2003), Why Switzerland?, Cambridge.
• Surdel T., Unia nie przekonuje, “Gazeta Wyborcza”, 5.03.2001, no. 54.
• Switzerland-EU: In-laws, Europolitics info, http://www.europolitics.info/pdf/dossier/eure4409-EU-Switzerland.pdf, 26.04.2013.
• Tanąuerel H. (1991), La Suisse doit-elle choisir entre l ’Europę et la democratie directe?, “Zeitschrift fur Schweizerisches Recht”, vol. I Halbband.
• Thompson W. C. (2012), The World Today. Western Europę, Lanham.
• Trechsel A. (2007), Direct democracy and European integration: a limited obstacle?, in: Switzerland and the European Union, ed. C. H. Church, Routledge.
• Vahl M., Grolimund N. (2006), Integration without Membership. Switzerland’s Bilateral Agreements with the European Union, Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels.
• Votation populaire du 21 mai 2000 (2000), Office federal de la statistiąue OFS ss, http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/themen/17/03/blank/key/2000/02.html, 4.05.2013.
• Yotationpopulaire du26 novembre 2006 (2006), Office federal de la statistiąue OFS, http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/poital/fr/index/themen/17/03/blank/key/2006/03 .html, 6.05.2013.
• Yptation populaire du 4 mars 2001 (2001), Office federal de la statistiąue OFS, http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/themen/17/03/blank/key/2001/01 .html, 4.05.2013.

Identifiers

DOI

10.14746/pp.2013.18.3.7