Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2016 | 35 | 4 | 5-22

Article title

NEW URBAN ECONOMIC AGENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE NEW ENTREPRENEURS

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
Migrants are often the carriers of new skills and original abilities. This study focuses on the importance of ‘new urban entrepreneurship’ – in particular, ethnic or migrant business firms – as a major driver of creative and urban dynamics and economic vitality in urban agglomerations. The paper offers a general account of both backgrounds and socio-economic implications of migrant entrepreneurship in large agglomerations and highlights the socio-economic heterogeneity in motivation and performance among different groups of migrant entrepreneurs. This demographic-cultural diversity prompts intriguing questions about differences in business performance among distinct groups of migrant entrepreneurs, even in the same ethnic group. In the paper, a recently developed and amended version of data envelopment analysis (DEA), viz. super-efficiency, is presented and applied to a group of Moroccan entrepreneurs in four large cities in the Netherlands. The main research aim is (i) to identify the best-performing firms (so-called ‘entrepreneurial heroes’) from a broad management and business perspective, while (ii) the background of our findings are more thoroughly analysed. The paper ends with some general concluding remarks on urban business strategies.

Year

Volume

35

Issue

4

Pages

5-22

Physical description

Dates

published
2016-12-15

Contributors

  • KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
author
  • Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
author
  • Hokkai-Gakuen University Sapporo, Japan

References

  • Afonso A., Fernandez S., 2006. Measuring local government spending efficiency: Evidence for the Lisbon region. Regional Studies 40(1): 39–53.
  • Akgün A.A., van Leeuwen E.S., Nijkamp P., 2011. A systemic perspective on multi-stakeholder sustainable development strategies. In: Chatterji M., Gopal D., Singh S. (eds),
  • Governance, development and conflict (Book series: Contributions to conflict management, peace economics and development, Volume 18). Emerald Group Publishing Limited: 123–146.
  • Anderson P., Petersen N., 1993. A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis. Management Science 39: 1261–1264.
  • Ansoff I., 1957. Strategies for diversification. Harvard Business Review 35: 113–124.
  • Athanassopoulos A.D., Karkazis J., 1997. The efficiency of social and economic image projection in spatial configurations. Journal of Regional Science 37(1): 375–397.
  • Audretsch D.B., 2002. Entrepreneurship: A survey of the literature. Prepared for the European Commission, Enterprise Directorate General, Brussels, July.
  • Boissevain J., Blauschkee J., Grotenberg H., Joseph I., Light I., Sway M., Waldinger R., Werbner P., 1990. Ethnic entrepreneurs and ethnic strategies. In: Waldinger R., Aldrich H., Ward R. (eds), Ethnic entrepreneurs: Immigrant business in industrial societies. Sage, London: 131–157.
  • Borjas G.J., 1986. The self-employment experience of immigrants. Journal of Human Resources 21(4): 485–506.
  • Brockhaus R.H., Sr., 1980. Risk taking propensity of entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Journal 23: 509–520.
  • Brush C.G., 1992. Research on women business owners: Past trends, a new perspective and future directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 17(4): 5–30.
  • Chaganti R., Greene P.G., 2002. Who are ethnic entrepreneurs? A study of entrepreneurs’ ethnic involvement and business characteristics. Journal of Small Business Management 40: 126–143.
  • Charnes A., Cooper W., Rhodes E., 1978. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research 2: 429–444.
  • Choenni A., 1997. Veelsoortig Assortiment. Het Spinhuis, Amsterdam.
  • Clark K., Drinkwater S., 1998. Ethnicity and self-employment in Britain. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 60: 383–407.
  • Cohen W., Levinthal D., 1989. Innovation and learning. Economic Journal 99: 569–596
  • Constant A.F., Zimmermann K.F., 2006. Measuring ethnic identity and its impact on economic behavior. Journal of the European Economic Association 6: 424–433.
  • Cormack J., Niessen J., 2002. Supplier diversity, the case of immigrant and ethnic minority enterprises. Background paper prepared for the Transatlantic Round Table on Supplier Diversity, Brussels.
  • Dagevos J., Gesthuizen M., 2005. Niet-westerse allochtonen meteen stabiele arbeidsmarktpositie: aantallen en ontwikkelingen. Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau, Den Haag.
  • Dana L.P. (ed.), 2007. Handbook of research on ethnic minority entrepreneurship: A co-evolutionary view on resource management. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
  • Delft H. van, Gorter C., Nijkamp P., 2000. In search of ethnic entrepreneurship in the city. Environment & Planning C 18: 429–451.
  • Dubini P., 1989. The influence of motivations and environment on business start-ups: Some hints for public policies. Journal of Business Venturing 4(1): 11–26.
  • Engelen E., 2001. ‘Breaking in’ and ‘breaking out’: A Weberian approach to entrepreneurial opportunities. Journal of
  • Ethnic and Migration Studies 27(2): 203–223.
  • Eurostat, 2004. Eurostat yearbook: The statistical guide to Europe. OOPEC, Luxembourg.
  • Fagenson E.A., 1993. Personal value systems of men and women entrepreneurs versus managers. Journal of Business Venturing 8: 409–430.
  • Fairlie R.W., 2004. Recent trends in ethnic and racial business ownership. Small Business Economics 23: 203–218.
  • Fairlie R.W., 2005. Entrepreneurship among disadvantaged groups: An analysis of the dynamics of self-employment by gender, race, and education. In: Parker S.C., Acs Z.J., Audretsch D.R. (eds), Handbook of entrepreneurship. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht.
  • Fairlie R.W., Meyer B.D., 1996. Ethnic and racial self-employment differences and possible explanations. Journal of Human Resources 31(4): 757–793.
  • Fearon J.D., 2003. Ethnic and cultural diversity by country. Journal of Economic Growth 8: 195–222.
  • Fischer E.M., Reuber A.R., Dyke L.S., 1993. A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing 8(2): 151– 168.
  • Genc M., Gheasi M., Nijkamp P., Poot J., 2012. The impact of immigration on international trade. In: Nijkamp P., Poot J., Sahin M. (eds), Migration impact assessment. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 301–337.
  • Gheasi M., Nijkamp P., Rietveld P., 2013. Migration and foreign direct investment: Education matters. Annals of Regional Science 51(1): 73–87.
  • Gorter C., Nijkamp P., Poot J. (eds), 1998. Crossing borders. Ashgate, Aldershot.
  • Greenwood M.J., Hunt G.L., Kohli U., 1996. The short-run and long-run factor-market consequences of immigration to the United States. Journal of Regional Science 36(1): 43–66.
  • Halkos G.E., Tzeremes N.G., 2010. Measuring regional economic efficiency: The case of Greek prefectures. Annals of Regional Sciences 45: 603–632.
  • Hardin G., 1974a. Living on a lifeboat. Bioscience 24: 561–568.
  • Hardin G., 1974b. Lifeboat ethics: The case against helping the poor. Psychology Today 8: 38–43.
  • Hodgson R., Poot J., 2011. New Zealand research on the economic impacts of immigration 2005–2010: Synthesis and research agenda. Discussion Paper CDP 04/11, University College
  • London, London.
  • Jacobs J., 1961. The death and life of great American cities. Vintage Books, New York.
  • Jacobs J., 1969. The economy of cities. Random House, New York.
  • Kahanec M., Zimmermann K. (eds), 2011. Ethnic diversity in European labor markets. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
  • Kloosterman R., Rath J., 2003. Immigrant entrepreneurs: Venturing abroad in the age of globalisation. Berg Publishers, Oxford.
  • Kloosterman R.C., van der Leun J., Rath J., 1998. Across the border: Economic opportunities, social capital and informal businesses activities of immigrants. Journal of EthnicMigration Studies 24: 367–376.
  • Kloosterman R., van der Leun J., Rath J., 1999. Mixed embeddedness: (In)formal economic activities and immigrant businesses in the Netherlands. International Journal of Urban
  • and Regional Research 23(2): 252–266.
  • Kourtit K., Nijkamp P., 2011a. The new Dutch economy: New and colourful entrepreneurship. In: van Gelderen M., Masurel E. (eds), Entrepreneurship in context. Routledge, London: 187–201.
  • Kourtit K., Nijkamp P., 2011b. Strategic choice analysis by expert panels for migration impact assessment. International Journal of Business and Globalisation 7(2): 166–194.
  • Kourtit K., Nijkamp P., 2012. Strangers on the move: Ethnic entrepreneurs as urban change actors. European Review 20(3): 376–402.
  • Kourtit K., Nijkamp P., Arribas-Bel D., 2013a. The creative urban diaspora economy: A disparity analysis among migrant entrepreneurs. In: Kresl P., Sobrino J. (eds), Handbook of research methods and applications in urban economies. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 472–496.
  • Kourtit K. Nijkamp P., Suzuki S., 2013b. Exceptional places: The rat race between world cities. Computers. Environment and Urban Systems 38: 67–77.
  • Light I., 1972. Ethnic enterprises in America. University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Longhi S., Nijkamp P., Poot J., 2005a. The fallacy of ‘job robbing’: A meta-analysis of estimates of the effect of immigration on employment. Journal of Migration and Refugee Issues 1(4): 131–152.
  • Longhi S., Nijkamp P., Poot J., 2005b. A meta-analytic assessment of the effect of immigration on wages. Journal of Economic Surveys 19(3): 451–477.
  • Longhi S., Nijkamp P., Poot J., 2008. Meta-analysis of empirical evidence on the labour market impact of immigration. Région et Développement 27(1): 161–191.
  • Longhi S., Nijkamp P., Poot J., 2010. Meta-analyses of labour-market impacts of immigration: Key conclusions and policy implications. Environment & Planning C 28: 819–833.
  • Macmillan W.D., 1986. The estimation and application of multi-regional economic planning models using data envelopment analysis. Papers of the Regional Science Association 60: 41–57.
  • Maslow A.H., 1943. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review 50: 370–396.
  • Maslow A.H., 1954. Motivation and personality. Harper, New York.
  • Masurel E., Nijkamp P., 2003. Allochtoon ondernemerschap. In: Risseeuw P., Thurik R. (eds), Handboek Ondernemers en Adviseurs; Management en Economie van het Midden- en
  • Klein Bedrijf. Kluwer, Dordrecht: 207–216.
  • Masurel E., Nijkamp P., Tastan M., Vindigni G., 2002. Motivations and performance conditions for ethnic entrepreneurship. Growth & Change 33(2): 238–260.
  • Masurel E., Yuzer M., Holleman J., 2003. Ethnic minority entrepreneurs: The generation effect. An analysis of motivational differences between first and second generations. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Modern Entrepreneurship. Regional Development and Policy: Dynamic and Evolutionary Perspectives. Amsterdam, 23–24 May 2003.
  • Maudos J., Pastor J.M., Serrano L., 2000. Efficiency and productive specialisation: An application to the Spanish regions. Regional Studies 34: 829–842.
  • McClelland D.C., 1953. The achievement motive. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.
  • Metcalfe H., Modood T., Virdee S., 1996. Asian self-employment: The interaction of culture and economics in England. Policy Studies Institute, London.
  • Min P.G., 1987. Factors contributing to ethnic business: A comprehensive synthesis. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 28(3/4): 173–193.
  • Mitra J., 2012. Entrepreneurship. Innovation and regonal development. Routledge, London.
  • Nijkamp P., 2008. XXQ factors for sustainable urban development: A systems economics view. Romanian Journal of Regional Science 2(1): 1–34.
  • Nijkamp P., Pepping G., 2007. A meta-analytical evaluation of sustainable city initiatives. In: Plane D.A., Mann L.D., Button K., Nijkamp P. (eds), Regional planning. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 608–627.
  • Nijkamp P., Poot J., Sahin M. (eds), 2012. Migration impact assessment: New horizons. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
  • OECD, 2006. International migration outlook. SOPEMI 2006 edition, OECD, Paris.
  • Okkerse L., 2008. How to measure labour market effects of immigration: A review. Journal of Economic Surveys 22(1): 1–30.
  • Ottaviano G.P., Peri G., 2006. The economic value of cultural diversity: Evidence from US cities. Journal of Economic Geography 6: 9–44.
  • Ozgen C., 2013. Impacts of immigration and cultural diversity on innovation and economic growth. Spatial Economics Department of VU University, Amsterdam.
  • Ozgen C., Nijkamp P., Poot J., 2011. Immigration and innovation in European regions. IZA Discussion Paper no. 5676, IZA, Bonn.
  • Rath J., Kloosterman R., 2002. The economic context, embeddedness and immigrant entrepreneurs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research 8(1/2): 162 – 167.
  • Razin E., Light I., 1998. Ethnic entrepreneurs in America’s largest metropolitan areas. Urban Affairs Review 33: 332–357.
  • Rusinovic K., 2006. Dynamic entrepreneurship. First and second-generation immigrant entrepreneurs in Dutch cities. Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.
  • Sahin M., 2012. Studies on migrant entrepreneurship in Dutch cities. PhD Dissertation, VU University Press, Amsterdam.
  • Sahin M., Nijkamp P., Stough R.R., 2010. Impact of urban conditions on firm performance of migrant entrepre-neurs: A comparative Dutch-US study. Annals of Regional
  • Science 46(3): 661–689.
  • Sahin M., Rietdijk M., Nijkamp P., 2007. Is cultural diversity a socio-economic opportunity? A case of urban migrant entrepreneurs. Innovation – The European Journal of Social
  • Science Research 22(3: 251–281.
  • Sahin M., Todiras A. Nijkamp P., and Masurel E., 2012. Economic performance of migrant entrepreneurs in the high-tech sector. In: Nijkamp P., Poot J. and Sahin M. (eds), Migration impact analysis: New horizons. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham: 227–250.
  • Sassen G., Thielemann E.R., 2005. A research agenda for the study of migrants and minorities in Europe. Journal of Common Market Studies 43(4): 655–671.
  • Schere J., 1982. Tolerance of ambiguity as a discriminating variable between entrepreneurs and managers. Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings 42: 404–408.
  • Seiford L.M., Zhu, J., 2003. Context-dependent data envelopment analysis – Measuring attractiveness and progress. Omega 31, p. 397.
  • Shane S., Locke, E., Collins, C., 2003. Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review 13: 257–279.
  • Sjaastad L.A., 1962. The costs and returns of human migration. Journal of Political Economy 70: 80–93.
  • Suedekum J., Wolf K., Blien U., 2009. Cultural diversity and local labour markets. IZA Working Paper No. 4619, IZA, Bonn.
  • Suzuki S., Nijkamp P., 2011. A stepwise-projection data envelopment analysis for public transport operations in Japan. Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences 4 (2): 139–156.
  • Suzuki S., Nijkamp P., Rietveld P., 2011. Regional efficiency improvement by means of data envelopment analysis through Euclidean distance minimisation including input factors: An application to tourist regions in Italy. Papers in Regional Science 90(1): 67–90.
  • Suzuki S., Nijkamp P., Rietveld P., Pels E., 2010. A distance friction minimisation approach in data envelopment analysis: A comparative study on airport efficiency. European Journal of Operational Research 207: 1104–115.
  • Tone K., 2001. A slacks-based measure of efficiency on data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research 130: 498–509.
  • Tone K., 2002. A slacks-based measure of super-efficiency in data envelopment analysis. European Journal of Operational Research 143: 32–41.
  • Waldinger R., 1986. Immigrant enterprise: A critique and reformulation. Theory and Society 15: 249–285.
  • Waldinger R., Aldrich H., Ward R. (eds), 1990. Ethnic entrepreneurs. Sage Publishers, Newbury Park, CA.
  • Ward R., Jenkins R. (eds), 1984. Ethnic communities in business. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Zhou M., 2004. Revisiting ethnic entrepreneurship: Convergencies, controversies, and conceptual advancements. International Migration Review 38(3): 1040–1074.
  • Zhu J., 2001. A multidimensional quality-of-life measure with an application to fortune’s best cities. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 35(4): 263–284.
  • Zimmermann K.F., 2005. European labour mobility: Challenges and potentials. De Economist 153(4): 425–450.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_1515_quageo-2016-0031
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.