Communication in the Referendum Campaign as Exemplified by Free Broadcasts of the Entitled Entities on Polish Radio Lublin

• Authors: Agnieszka Łukasik-Turecka
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The present article seeks to answer the question whether the fact that during the referendum campaign in 2015 the entitled entities had the opportunity to utilize free broadcast time in order to promote their activity affected the dominance of such content over the content concerning the issues raised in the referendum questions.Information on politics is obtained mainly from the media; the mediatization of politics is also allowed by Polish legislation, which provides for the opportunity to use free broadcasts on public media inter alia during referendum campaigns by entitled political entities. However, the possibility of using the free broadcasting time for the purposes other than stipulated in the law was not provided for.The research material was the free referendum broadcasts of the entitled entities, aired by Radio Lublin S.A., the method applied being the content analysis (quantitative and qualitative).The main hypothesis, which assumed that the entitled entities used the allocated air time to promote themselves, inter alia through popularizing their names in the public space at the expense of the issues raised in the referendum questions, was positively verified as a result of research.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy fakt, że podczas kampanii referendalnej w 2015 roku uprawnione podmioty miały możliwość wykorzystania nieodpłatnego czasu antenowego w celu promocji własnej działalności, wpłynął na dominację tego rodzaju treści nad treściami dotyczących kwestii poruszonych w pytaniach referendalnych. Informacje na temat polityki czerpiemy głównie z mediów; w zjawisko mediatyzacji polityki wpisuje się również polski ustawodawca, który zapewnia uprawnionym podmiotom politycznym możliwość wykorzystania nieodpłatnych audycji w mediach publicznych m.in. w trakcie kampanii referendalnej. Nie przewidział on jednak możliwości wykorzystania nieodpłatnego czasu antenowego do innych celów niż zakłada ustawa. Materiałem badawczym były nieodpłatne audycje referendalne 30 uprawnionych podmiotów wyemitowane na antenie Radia Lublin S.A, zaś zastosowaną metodą była analiza zawartości (ilościowa i jakościowa).Hipoteza główna, zakładająca, że uprawnione podmioty wykorzystały przyznany im czas antenowy na promocję siebie m.in. poprzez zaistnienie w przestrzeni publicznej nazwy podmiotu kosztem wyjaśniania kwestii poruszonych w pytaniach referendalnych, w wyniku badań została zweryfikowana pozytywnie.

Keywords

EN

nationwide referendum; free radio broadcasts; Radio Lublin

PL

referendum ogólnopolskie; nieodpłatne audycje radiowe; Radio Lublin

• Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
• Journal: Mediatization Studies
• Year: 2017
• Volume: 1
• Issue: 1

Dates

published

2017

online

2017-11-13

Contributors

author

Agnieszka Łukasik-Turecka

References

• Sources (figures given after the dates and before nos. denote the time of airing the broadcast):
• Free referendum broadcasts of the European Institute for Studies and Analyses in Lublin, of 21 August 2015, 9.30, no. 1; 21 August 2015, 21.10, no. 8; 23 August 2015, 19.10, no. 5; 23 August 2015, 19.10, no. 10; 24 August 2015, 21.10, no. 2; 1 September 2015, 13.30, no. 3; 1 September 2015, 21.10, no. 10; 2 September 2015, 21.10, no. 5.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Local Activity Foundation, of 26 August 2015, 9.30, no. 3; 28 August 2015, 13.30, no. 1; 31 August 2015, 21.10, no. 5; 2 September 2015, 13.30, no. 3; 2 September 2015, 21.10, no. 1; 4 September 2015, 9.30, no. 1; 4 September 2015, 13.30, no. 1.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Institute of Civic Studies Obywatele [Citizens] 24.pl Foundation, of 24 August 2015, 13.30, no. 2; 25 August 2015, 21.10, no. 2; 26 August 2015, 21.10, no. 9; 27 August 2015, 21.10, no. 1; 29 August 2015, 21.10, no. 2; 29 August 2015, 21.10, no. 7; 30 August 2015, 19.10, no. 5; 1 September 2015, 13.30, no. 2.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Foundation for the Promotion of Mediation and Legal Education LEX NOSTRA, of 22 August 2015, 13.30, no. 2; 25 August 2015, 9.30, no. 1; 25 August 2015, 13.30, no. 1; 26 August 2015, 21.10, no. 1; 27 August 2015, 21.10, no. 8; 30 August 2015, 19.10, no. 6; 3 September 2015, 21.10, no. 3.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Freedom and Hope Foundation, of 27 August 2015, 13.30, no. 1; 28 August 2015, 21.10, no. 1; 29 August 2015, 21.10, no. 1, 6; 30 August 2015, 19.10, no. 3; 1 September 2015, 9.30, no. 1; 2 September 2015, 21.10, no. 2.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Institute of State Thought, of 26 August 2015, 21.10, no. 7; 27 August 2015, 21.10, no. 10; 1 September 2015, 21.10, no. 1; 3 September 2015, 13.30, no. 2; 3 September 2015, 21.10, no. 8, 9.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Civic Platform of the Republic of Poland, of 26 August 2015, 9.30, no. 2; 27 August 2015, 21.10, no. 9; 29 August 2015, 21.10, no. 4; 31 August 2015, 9.30, no. 1; 2 September 2015, 9.30, no. 2; 3 September 2015, 21.10, no. 1, 6.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Polish People’s Party, of 25 August 2015, 21.10, no. 9; 28 August 2015, 13.30, no. 2; 1 September 2015, 13.30, no. 1; 2 September 2015, 21.10, no. 4; 3 September 2015, 21.10, no. 4; 4 September 2015, 21.10, no. 1.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Arche Project, of 23 August 2015, 13.45, no. 2; 26 August 2015, 21.10, no. 10; 31 August 2015, 9.30, no. 3; 31 August 2015, 21.10, no. 7; 4 September 2015, 21.10, no. 8.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Democratic Left Alliance, of 24 August 2015, 21.10, no. 10; 25 August 2015, 9.30, no. 3; 26 August 2015, 13.30, no. 3; 27 August 2015, 9.30, no. 2; 29 August 2015, 7.40, no. 3; 1 September 2015, 21.10, no. 3; 3 September 2015, 9.30, no. 3; 4 September 2015, 21.10, no. 7.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Hummingbird] Association, of 25 August 2015, 21.10, no. 8; 28 August 2015, 21.10, no. 7; 31 August 2015, 13.30, no. 1; 31 August 2015, 21.10, no. 3, 8; 1 September 2015, 21.10, no. 8; 2 September 2015, 21.10, no. 9; 4 September 2015, 21.10, no. 4.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Civic Committee of the City of Koszalin Association, of 23 August 2015, 19.10, no. 1, 7; 26 August 2015, 21.10, no. 6; 30 August 2015, 13.45, no. 1; 2 September 2015, 9.30, no. 3; 4 September 2015, 21.10, no. 6.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Roman Dmowski National Association, of 24 August 2015, 21.10, no. 6, 8; 1 September 2015, 21.10, no. 5; 2 September 2015, 21.10, no. 3, 6, 7; 3 September 2015, 13.30, no. 3; 4 September 2015, 21.10, no. 9.
• Free referendum broadcasts Association for the Development of the Village of Wietrzno "Wiatr [Wind]", of 24 August 2015, 9.30, no. 3; 25 August 2015, 21.10, no. 7; 27 August 2015, 13.30, no. 3; 30 August 2015, 19.10, no. 7; 1 September 2015, 21.10, no. 9; 4 September 2015, 13.30, no. 2; 4 September 2015, 21.10, no. 3.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Association for Changing the Electoral System – Single-Seat Constituencies, of 23 August 2015, 13.45, no. 1; 23 August 2015, 19.10, no. 9; 24 August 2015, 9.30, no. 2; 24 August 2015, 21.10, no. 5; 25 August 2015, 9.30, no. 2; 29 August 2015, 21.10, no. 3; 1 September 2015, 9.30, no. 2; 2 September 2015, 21.10, no. 8.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Our Common Silesian Home Association, of 21 August 2015, 9.30, no. 3; 21 August 2015, 21.10, no. 4; 23 August 2015, 19.10, no. 6; 25 August 2015, 21.10, no. 4; 28 August 2015, 21.10, no. 3; 30 August 2015, 19.10, no. 10; 1 September 2015, 21.10, no. 4; 3 September 2015, 9.30, no. 2.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Association THE OUTRAGED, of 21 August 2015, 21.10, no. 6; 24 August 2015, 21.10, no. 9; 28 August 2015, 9.30, no. 3; 30 August 2015, 13.45, no. 2; 30 August 2015, 19.10, no. 8; 1 September 2015, 21.10, no. 2; 4 September 2015, 9.30, no. 2; 4 September 2015, 9.30, no. 3.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the “Citizens against Lawlessness” Association, of 23 August 2015, 19.10, no. 3; 25 August 2015, 21.10, no. 10; 26 August 2015, 21.10, no. 3; 27 August 2015, 13.30, no. 2; 28 August 2015, 21.10, no. 4; 30 August 2015, 19.10, no. 1; 31 August 2015, 21.10, no. 4; 3 September 2015, 21.10, no. 5.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Patriotic and Self-Government Association “Fatherland – Family – Justice”, of 27 August 2015, 9.30, no. 1; 28 August 2015, 13.30, no. 3; 28 August 2015, 28 August 2015, 21.10, no. 5, 9; 29 August 2015, 21.10, no. 5, 8;
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Association “Generations”, of 21 August 2015, 13.30, no. 3; 22 August 2015, 21.10, no. 9; 26 August 2015, 13.30, no. 2; 26 August 2015, 21.10, no. 2; 28 August 2015, 9.30, no. 2; 29 August 2015, 13.30, no. 1; 31 August 2015, 21.10, no. 2; 4 September 2015, 21.10, no. 2.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Association for the Development of the Settlement of Zając, Commune of Liw and the Neighboring Area “LEPUS”, of 23 August 2015, 19.10, no. 8; 24 August 2015, 9.30, no. 1; 25 August 2015, 21.10, no. 1; 27 August 2015, 21.10, no. 2; 31 August 2015, 13.30, no. 2; 1 September 2015, 21.10, no. 6; 3 September 2015, 21.10, no. 10.
• Free referendum broadcasts The Solidary 2010 Association, of 23 August 2015, 7.40, no. 3; 26 August 2015, 13.30, no. 1; 26 August 2015, 21.10, no. 8; 30 August 2015, 19.10, no. 4; 31 August 2015, 21.10, no. 10; 1 September 2015, 21.10, no. 7; 3 September 2015, 21.10, no. 2; 4 September 2015, 21.10, no. 10.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Fighting Solidarity Association, of 23 August 2015, 19.10, no. 4; 24 August 2015, 21.10 no. 3; 25 August 2015, 21.10, no. 5; 26 August 2015, 21.10, no. 5; 28 August 2015, 21.10, no. 6; 29 August 2015, 7.40, no. 1; 29 August 2015, 13.30, no. 2; 30 August 2015, 13.45, no. 3.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Association “Community”, of 21 August 2015, 21.10, no. 1; 22 August 2015, 21.10, no. 7; 24 August 2015, 13.30, no. 1; 24 August 2015, 21.10, no. 7.
• Free referendum broadcasts of the Foundation “The Most Important”, of 23 August 2015, 7.40 no. 2; 24 August 2015, 21.10, no. 4; 25 August 2015, 13.30, no. 3; 26 August 2015, 21.10, no. 4; 27 August 2015, 21.10, no. 5, 6; 31 August 2015, 9.30, no. 2.
• Books, scientific and press articles:
• Castells, M. (2009). Siła tożsamości (transl. from Power of Identity), Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN: Warszawa.
• Dąbrowska, A. (2015). Koncert życzeń. Polityka, Vol. 36, pp. 13-14.
• Janicki, M. (2015). Referenda dwa, czyli polityczne trzy po trzy. Polityka, Vol. 35, pp. 12-14.
• Kolczyński, M. (2014). Strategic dilemmas of pre-election marketing in the age of the mediatisation of politics: The case of the Warsaw referendum of 2013. Studia Politicae Universitatis Silesiensis, Vol. 13, pp. 139-150.
• Michalczyk, S. (2010). Demokracja medialna. Teoretyczna analiza problemu. Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek: Toruń .
• Olczyk, E. (2015). Jak skompromitować referendum. Wprost, Vol. 35, pp. 14-15.
• Ostrowski, M. (2015). Czy wolałbyś być Szwajcarem? Polityka, Vol. 36, pp. 52-53.
• Piasecki, A. K. (2012). Wybory w Polsce 1989-2011. Arcana: Kraków.
• Skórzyński, J. (2015). Apetyt na referenda. Polityka, Vol. 35, pp. 58.
• Szacki, W. (2015). Koncertowa wtopa. Polityka, Vol. 37, pp. 14-15.
• Ustawa z dnia 14 marca 2003 r. o referendum ogólnokrajowym [National Referendum Act of 14 March 2003], Dz.U. [Journal of Laws] 2003, No. 57, item 507 as amended.
• Internet sources:
• Referendum Ogólnokrajowe 6 września 2015, Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza, http://referendum2015.pkw.gov.pl/341_Polska, 10 September 2016.
• Sandecki, M. Cel: zarobić i się wypromować, czyli co wspólnego z referendum 6 września ma Stowarzyszenie na rzecz Rozwoju Wsi Wietrzno "Wiatr" czy Zielony Kraków, http://wyborcza.pl/1,75398,18608895,cel-zarobic-i-wypromowac-sie-czyli-co-wspolnego-z-referendum.html, 4September2016.

Identifiers

DOI

10.17951/ms.2017.1.1.83