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Journal

2022 | 2 | 48-74

Article title

The tragedy of Thomas Megan – the Prefect Apostolic of North Henan: apostolic or political missionary

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Content

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Abstracts

PL
Chiny były pierwszą misją Zgromadzenia Słowa Bożego, zainicjowaną przez Założyciela o. Arnolda Janssena wysłaniem dwóch pionierów misjonarzy w 1879 roku, z których o. Jan Baptyst Anzer został pierwszym biskupem Zgromadzenia. Pomyślny rozwój tej misji uwidaczniał się przejmowaniem nowych terenów misyjnych. Po Szantungu Południowym (1882 rok) Zgromadzenie przejęło także misję w Gansu (1922 rok) oraz w Henanie Południowym (1923 rok). Potem werbiści przejęli także niezależną misję w Henanie Północnym (1936 rok), powierzoną werbistom amerykańskim. Niekwestionowanym liderem tej misji był energiczny i przebojowy Tomasz Megen (1899-1951) – prefekt apostolski Xinxiang, którego działalność i tragiczny los jest tematem niniejszego opracowania. W skomplikowanej sytuacji politycznej Chin Megan włączył się w czynną współpracę z przedstawicielami Chin narodowych i wojsk amerykańskich w czasie wojny z najeźdźcą japońskim oraz umacniającymi się komunistami Mao Zedonga. Odznaczył się zwłaszcza w zwalczaniu klęski głodu w Henanie (1942-1943). Po 22 latach nieprzerwanej pracy w Chinach udał się na zasłużony 6-miesięczny urlop do ojczyzny (1948 rok), który okazał się bezpowrotnym. Stolica Apostolska wykluczyła jego kandydaturę na biskupa w tworzonej diecezji oraz zakazała powrotu do Chin z racji współpracy z siłami politycznymi. Megan, zdruzgotany tą decyzją, podjął się trudnej misji wśród ludności afroamerykańskiej i zmarł dwa lata później w 1951 roku.
EN
China was the first mission of the Society of the Divine Word initiated by the Founder, Fr. Arnold Janssen with the sending of the two pioneer missionaries in 1879, one of whom, Fr. John Baptist Anzer, became the first bishop of the Society. The successful development of this mission was marked by the territorial expansion of the SVD mission. After South Shandong (1882), the Society took over the mission in Gansu (1922) and shortly after in South Henan (1923). Afterwards, the Divine Word Missionaries took over an independent mission entrusted to the American SVDs as Apostolic Prefect of Xinxiang in the North Henan (1936). The undisputed leader of this mission was its energetic pioneer Thomas Megan (1899-1951), appointed as the first Apostolic Prefect of Xinxiang. His activities and tragic fate are discussed in this study. In China’s complicated political situation, Megan became actively involved on the side of the National Government of Chiang Kai-Shek and of the American troops in the ongoing war against the Japanese invaders and Communist forces of Mao Zedong. Megan particularly distinguished himself in the fight against the Henan famine (1942-1943). After 22 years of uninterrupted work in China, Megan went on a well-deserved six-month leave of absence in his homeland USA (1948). His journey turned out to be without Return. The Holy See excluded his candidature for bishop post and forbade him to return to China because of his involvement in political activities. Devastated by this decision, Megan undertook a difficult mission among the African-American population and died two years later in 1951.

Journal

Year

Issue

2

Pages

48-74

Physical description

Dates

published
2022

Contributors

author

References

  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1921, Destini e Trasferimenti: Frater Thomas Megan, folder 21.
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1935, Heier’s response to the Questionnaire from Rome, folder 626.
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1947, Kowalski to General Grendel, Hadzor, November 23, 1947, folder 27 (1942-1950).
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1947, Grendel to Linzenbach, November 26, 1947, folder 27 (1942-1950).
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1948, Kappenberg to Megan, Rome, July 15, 1948, folder 27 (1942-1950).
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1948, Megan to Kappenberg, Techny, July 24, 1948, folder 27 (1942-1950).
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1948, Schütte to General: A Short Summary of Monsignor Megan’s Political Activities during the war years, September 19, 1948, folder 27 (1942-1950).
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1948, Fumasoni-Biondi, Card. Prefect of Propaganda Fide to Superior General Fr. Luigi Kappenberg, Roma, Aprile, 1948, Prot. N. 1751/48, folder 27 (1942-1950).
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1948, Kappenberg to Schütte, October 4, 1948, folder 27 (1942-1950).
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1948, Kappenberg to Wojniak, November 25, 1948, folder 27 (1942-1950).
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1948, Megan to Superior General, Alois Grosse-Kappenberg, February 25, 1948, folder 626.
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1949, Van der Heyden to Grosse Kappenberg, April, 4, 1949), folder 626.
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1956, Schütte to Wojniak. March 22, 1956), Correspondence of the Mission Secretary (1952-1958), folder 51/3.
  • General Archives of the Society of the Divine Word in Rome, 1973, Henkels to Bornemann (13.02.1973), folder: Nachlass/Johannes Schütte.
  • Wojniak E. et al., 1940, Father Thomas Megan S.V.D., 1 Xinxiang Mission – Seven Years in Retrospect, October 17, 2 p., RMARC.
  • Right Rev. Thomas M. Megan, S.V.D. Prefect Apostolic of Xinxiang, Honan China, p. 332-345, RMARC.
  • Barella L., 1998, Al di là del fiume giallo. Martino Chiolino: mezzo secolo di missione in Cina, EMI, Bologna.
  • Bassi A.T., 1960, Sette anni nella Cina comunista, ISME, Parma.
  • Bornemann F., 1972, In Memoriam, Father John Schütte. 6th Superior General SVD (Verbum Supplementum 23), Analecta SVD – 23, Roma.
  • Bornemann F. (ed.), 1981, A History of Our Society, Analecta SVD, Vol. 54, No. 1, Roma.
  • Brandewie E., 2000, In the Light of the Word. Divine Word Missionaries of North America, Orbis Book, New York.
  • Fighting Bishop of Hunan (Thomas M. Megan, S.V.D. (1899-1951) - Digital Exhibits [on-line], https://digital-exhibits.library.nd.edu [access: 10.10.2022].
  • Henkels J., 1979, Father Megan: an Atomic Missionary, Divine Word Missionaries China centennial, Techny, p. 9-14.
  • Henkels J., 1988, My China Memoirs (1928-1951), Divine Word Publications, Techny, p. 16-18, 95-97, 117-118.
  • Kush L., 2012, The Rice Paddy Navy: U.S. Sailors Undercover in China, Published by Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, United Kingdom.
  • Mission Strategist Taken From Field of Battle, 1952, Arnoldus Nota, p. 21-24.
  • Megan Th.M., 1939, The Future of the Church in China in China, The Christian Family and our Missions, p. 208.
  • Miotk A., 2019, The Historical Significance and Prophetic Resonance of the Apostolic Letter “Maximum illud” on the Centenary of Its Publication, Verbum SVD, fasc. 1-2, p. 11-41.
  • Region of North Honan, 1948, AN, p. 40.
  • Tiedemann R.G., 2009, Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century, M.E. Sharpe, for Ricci Institute for Chinese-Western Cultural History, New York.
  • Wakeman F., 2003, Spymaster: Dai Li and the Chinese Secret Service, University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Wojniak E., 1957, Atomic Apostle Thomas M. Megan S.V.D, Divine Word Publications, Techny.
  • Yu M., 1996, “OSS’s New Blood: Bishop Megan’s Catholic Network”. OSS in China: Prelude to Cold War, Yale University Press, New Haven, p. 216-219.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
52158092

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-issn-1233-9717-year-2022-issue-2-article-bwmeta1_element_desklight-8c43ca3c-a148-494d-a1ae-88ba91e9a7ac
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