PL
Th e paper discusses three grand personalities of antiquity: Cicero, Ovid and Seneca in the circumstances of their exile, Th eir attitudes to the punishment received (whose severity varied) were diverse. Nevertheless, all they left a trace in the shape of literary works and letters. Upon reading, one discovers ambiguous attitudes towards their per-sonal misfortunes. Finally, the situation of the exiles and their return may be compared with the archetypal fi gure of Odysseus.