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2018 | 8 | 35-43

Article title

Animals in The Kojiki

Content

Title variants

JA
古事記における動物

Languages of publication

Abstracts

JA
西暦712年に成った神話物語『古事記』に動物を意味する言葉が出てくる。それらの用法は次の三つに分類できるだろう。1.言葉が示す動物が活躍する、2.活躍も行動もない、3.神や人や場所の名前や歌の中で使われて、動物自身とは関係ない。大半が2と3のカテゴリーの言葉である。とくに『古事記』の112の詩歌には、様々な動物の名が出てくるが、ほとんどが鳥の名前で、比喩的に使われているだけである。 『古事記』の中で広く親しまれている「因幡白兎」の物語に「ワニ」が登場する。また、初代天皇の祖母はワニとされている。鰐(わに)は日本の自然界には生息しない。前者はサメで、後者は720年に編纂された日本の正史『日本書紀』には「龍」と書かれて、蛇だとも言われている。古代日本人はあらゆる現象はもちろん動物と人間とは同じ世界に生きていると考えていたのだろう。故Tubielewicz教授は「殺した動物の記念碑や墓をつくって謝罪しようと努めていた。愛玩された動物は死後に崇拝されることもあった」と指摘している。 『古事記』は日本文化の基層を知るために必須の資料だが、その後の日本で、民話の主人公として親しまれている何種類かの動物は登場していないので、日本の動物相を示す資料ではないだろうが、日本人が自然界に親和性を感じてきた例を見ることはできると言えよう。
EN
The Kojiki, compiled in A. D. 712, is the oldest book in Japan that we can read today. Since it is a record of ancient matters that contains many names of animals, you might expect that it will be useful for investigating the fauna of the early Japanese archipelago. But that investigation might not be effective enough for such a study because The Kojiki mentions only a few of the most popular animals among Japanese people throughout history. I mean that The Kojiki does not refer to all the animals living in Japan. _is might be the reason why the topic of the animals in The Kojiki has hardly been discussed. We can, however, understand the early Japanese point of view on the environment by analyzing the animals in The Kojiki. It is said that the characteristics of the Japanese view on nature are the intimacy with nature and the concept of homogeneousness between humankind and all things in the universe. And these characteristics can be found when we study the way in which The Kojiki mentions animals.

Year

Issue

8

Pages

35-43

Physical description

Dates

published
2018

Contributors

  • Osaka International University

References

  • Aston, William George 1985. Nihongi – Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A. D. 697, translated from the original Chinese and Japanese by W.G. Aston, first publishing in 1896 printed by the Japan Society in Japan. Tokyo: The Seventh Printing of the Charles Tuttle Edition.
  • Chamberlain, Basil Hall 1883. “The Kojiki – Records of Ancient Matters.” Translated in: The Asiatic Society of Japan Vol. X Supplement. Yokohama: The Asiatic Society of Japan. Reprinted in 1982 by Charles E. Tuttle in Tokyo.
  • Heldt, Gustav 2014. The Kojiki – An Account of Ancient Matters. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Kokugakuin University Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics 1985. Basic Terms of Shinto, Revised Edition. Tokyo: Kokugakuin University.
  • Kotanski, Wiesław 1986. Kojiki czyli Ksiega dawnych wydarzen, vol.I Teksty, indeksy. Vol.II Komentarze. Warszawa: Panstowowe Instytut Wydawniczy.
  • Kotanski, Wiesław 1995. Dziedzictwo Japonskich Bogów [heritage of Japanese gods]. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Ossolinskich.
  • Kurano Kenji [&] Takeda Yukichi (ed.) 1958. “Kojiki・Norito [ritual prayers offered to shinto gods].” Nihon koten bungaku taikei vol.1 [collections of the Japanese classical literature], Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.
  • Motoori, Norinaga 1798. “Kojiki-den [commentary on The Kojiki],” Motoori Norinaga zenshu [complete works of Motoori Norinaga Vol. 9-12] newly published in 1968, Tokyo: Chikuma Shobo.
  • Nakamura, Teiri 2011. “Kojiki ni arawareta dobutsu no reiryoku [on spiritual power of animals mentioned in The Kojiki],” Gendai Shiso – Revue de la pensée d’aujourd’hui [journal of modern thoughts] Vol.39-6. Tokyo: Seidosha.
  • Philippi, Donald L. 1968. The Kojiki – Translation with an Introduction and Notes. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
  • Sakamoto, Taro [&] Ienaga, Saburo [&] Inoue, Mitsusada [&] Ono, Susumu (ed.) 1967. “Nihonshoki [the chronicle of Japan].” Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei Vol._67 [collections of Japanese classical literature] Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.
  • Tubielewicz, Jolanta 1996. Kultura Japonii. Słownik [culture of Japan. Dictionary]. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne.
  • Tubielewicz, Jolanta 1980. Mitologia Japonii [mythology of Japan]. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
1597288

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-issn-2084-2147-year-2018-issue-8-article-b0a0ecc0-d992-39aa-8efd-1a6655234629
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