EN
The article is a survey of the development of phenomenology as a fundamental moral philosophy and as “a most universal and consequent empiricism based on primary presenting intuition” (Husserl) in some of the late analyses of Husserl and in the deliberations of Stephan Strasser, Ludwig Landgrebe, Karol Wojtyła, and Emanuel Levinas. In the last part of the text the author argues, in accordance with Robert Spaemann and Stephan Strasser, that such a philosophy is, in the first place, founded on a certain moral attitude of the philosopher and is a personal attempt of each philosophizing person to understand the world and his or her place and tasks in it. This demands the construction of a total view of the universe. Thus, philosophizing is an activity essentially different from scientific research; it is theoretically prior to science and its field of operation is more extensive than that of science, since every science presupposes a reduced field of operation.