EN
The aim of this paper is to discuss the Hardy-Weinberg Law which is fundamental for population genetics. It discusses the intuitive expectations connected with the distribution of allele frequencies in a gene pool by using mathematical equations and defines the genetic equilibrium. The conclusions which are consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg Law and relate to biomedical applications seem necessary for the evaluation of data quality. Moreover, ways in which evolutionary forces break genetic equilibrium will be extensively discussed and will be presented using mathematical models of the dynamics of gene pool.