EN
The present paper discusses the outcomes of research realised as part of the ‘Recognising and encouraging the development of aptitude for learning mathematics in older kindergartners and primary school pupils’ project. To start with, data concerning the occurrence of mathematical giftedness in older pupils is offered together with an explanation of the reasons for the previous lack of interest in the issue of inclinations for mathematical giftedness in children. Subsequently, I present a description of the mental traits of older kindergarteners which indicate their inclination for mathematical giftedness. I also go on to outline the research programme on the basis of which I managed to: (a) develop diagnostic methods for determining the inclination for mathematical giftedness in children, (b) estimate the number of children manifesting an inclination for mathematical giftedness and children endowed with an inclination for outstanding mathematical giftedness, (c) determine the reasons why groups of children manifesting their mathematical giftedness become significantly reduced after the first months of education. Finally, I discuss the critical periods crucial for developing inclinations for mathematical giftedness in children. I additionally provide an explanation of why it is impossible to fix the neglected cultivation of an inclination for an aptitude in mathematics in the subsequent years of school education.