EN
These co n sid e ra tio n s co n cern a h isto ric p a rk as a w o rk of a r t a n d a w o rk of n a tu re . An a ttem p t has been mad e to d e te rm in e th e time of th e p a rk ’s ex isten c e in th e fo rm la id down in th e design. The basis was pro vid ed by Jo z e f Rokoszy’s tab le s giving periods of a fu ll m a tu r ity of in d iv id u a l tre e species in Poland. The an a ly sis covered 7 ru r a l a n d 5 u rb a n p a rk s . A p a rk tre e co v e r showed a sig n ific an t corresp o n d en ce to design lay o u ts in th e p e rio d from 40 to 65 y e a rs of th e p a rk ’s ex isten c e an d some co rresp o n d en ce b e tw e en th e 25th an d 100th y e a r. At th e same time, a ttem p ts h av e b een made to specify th e second q u a lity of th e p a rk d e te rm in in g its a rtis tic exp re ssio n , n am e ly a p ic tu re sq u e n e ss of th e bea u ty of n a tu re . I t has been assumed th a t u n til th e 65th y e a r of th e p a rk ’s existen c e , in th e p e rio d w h en th e form of th e p a rk w as c re a ted acco rd in g to th e design, th e re d om in a ted a h a rm o n y b e tw e en a r t an d th e b e au ty of n a tu r e in sc rib ed in to th e work. A fte r th e 130th y e a r of th e p a rk ’s existen c e , because of a p ro g re ssiv e e n tro py it w as a lre ad y d ifficu lt to single out in d iv id u a l b e a u ty of n a tu re . T h e re p rev a iled a t th a t tim e a n a tu r a l h a rm o n y c h a ra c te ris tic of a given abode. In d iv id u a liz ed b e a u ty of n a tu r e tak e s th u s place in 65—130 y e a rs since th e p a rk ’s e stab lishm en t, in th e p eriod of th e stru g g le b e tw e en a r t ’s a n d n a tu r e ’s harmony. The p a rk ex is tin g fo r a longer period ceases be in g a u n iq u e w o rk of a rt. If it is tra n s fo rm e d alo n g w ith th e changes o c cu rrin g in it, th e n it stops be in g a p ro duce of a concrete c re a to r an d epoch. In m o d e rn days one can notice a process of cyclic tra n s fo rm a tio n s of th e ageing objects of g a rd e n a r t in a more o r less h u n d re d -y e a rlo n g rh y thm . At th e end of th e 17th c e n tu ry Baroque g a rd en s in Le N o tre ’s style w e re e stab lish ed . A c e n tu ry la te r re g u la r g a rd en s w e re tra n s fo rm e d in to lan d sc ap e p a rk s . In th e la te 19th c e n tu ry n a tu r a listic p a rk s became fa sh io n ab le , while to -d ay , in th e p e riod of a d om in a tin g h isto ric aw aren ess, th e r e h a s come a wav e of ren ew in g , a d a p tin g an d re co n s tru c tin g th e ex is tin g p a rk s. The an a ly se s made co n cern p a rk s in w h ich th e basic su b stan c e of th e w o rk is a treecover.