EN
In the article, I consider the factors determining the results of excavations and the relationship between the results obtained and the views expressed about the past by researchers/archaeologists. I am interested in the extent to which and how the attitude of the researcher and the choice of method(s) of exploration of cultural stratifications determine the amount of information obtained. I conduct these considerations based on the theory of scientific cognition formulated in the interwar period by the Lvov (now Lviv) microbiologist Ludwik Fleck. According to his assumptions, it was supposed to change the thinking of the time about, among other things, truth as a real existing being or the objectivity of scientists’ findings. Fleck’s theory concerns science in the broadest sense of the term, the principles and rules governing its cognition, and in this form it was (and still is) applied by specialists in various disciplines. In this article, I have used the theory of the Lvov microbiologist to highlight the factors that determined the results of excavations carried out by two teams exploring the medieval burial ground and settlement of Milicz in 1953 and in 1960-1962.