Wskaźniki zaniedbywania w próbie krajowej – charakterystyka dzieci i rodzin oraz skutki psychologiczne

• Authors: Vanderminden Jennifer , Hamby Sherry , David-Ferdon Corinne , Kacha-Ochana Akadia , Merrick Melissa , Simon Thomas R. , Finkelhor David , Turner Heather

Title variants

EN

Wskaźniki zaniedbywania w próbie krajowej – charakterystyka dzieci i rodzin oraz skutki psychologiczne

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Kontekst: Chociaż zaniedbywanie dzieci jest najczęściej zgłaszaną formą krzywdzenia, to jest stosunkowo słabo zbadane. Cel: Zebranie szacunkowych danych dotyczących podtypów zaniedbywania i różnic demograficznych w zakresie ekspozycji na poszczególne z nich, a także informacji o skutkach psychologicznych tego zjawiska. Osoby badane: Dane zbiorcze z dwóch reprezentatywnych prób z ogólnoamerykańskich badań ekspozycji dzieci na przemoc (National Surveys of Children’s Exposure to Violence, NatSCEV), przeprowadzonych w latach 2011 i 2014, dotyczących doświadczeń dzieci oraz nastolatków w wieku od miesiąca do 17 lat (N = 8503). Metody: Przeprowadzono ankiety telefoniczne, aby uzyskać dane socjodemograficzne, sześć miar doświadczeń zaniedbywania w roku poprzedzającym badanie i w ciągu całego życia oraz ocenę objawów traumy, myśli samobójczych, używania alkoholu i narkotyków. Wyniki: Ponad jedno na 17 amerykańskich dzieci (6,07%) doświadczyło jakiejś formy zaniedbywania w roku poprzedzającym badanie, a ponad jedno na siedmioro (15,4%) doświadczyło zaniedbywania w którymś momencie życia. Najczęstszym typem zaniedbywania jest zaniedbanie nadzoru nad dzieckiem (supervisory neglect) spowodowane niewydolnością opiekuńczą rodziców lub ich nieobecnością. W rodzinach z dwojgiem rodziców biologicznych zjawisko to występowało rzadziej (4,29% w poprzednim roku) niż w rodzinach o innej strukturze (7,95–14,10%; p <0,05). Wszystkie typy zaniedbywania były związane z nasileniem symptomów traumy i myśli samobójczych (w grupie dzieci i nastolatków w wieku 10–17 lat), a niektóre formy wiązały się z podwyższonym ryzykiem picia alkoholu i używania narkotyków przed osiągnięciem pełnoletniości. Wniosek: Należy poświęcić więcej uwagi skutkom zaniedbywania dzieci. Otrzymane wyniki podkreślają wagę działań profilaktycznych, zapewniających wsparcie niezbędne do budowania bezpiecznych, stabilnych, troskliwych relacji oraz środowisk wspomagających prawidłowy rozwój dziecka.

EN

Background: Childhood neglect is an understudied form of childhood maltreatment despite being the most commonly reported to authorities. Objective: This study provides national estimates of neglect subtypes, demographic variations in exposure to neglect subtypes, and examines the psychological impact. Participants and Setting: Pooled data from two representative U.S. samples from the National Surveys of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV) survey conducted in 2011 and 2014, representing the experiences of children and youth aged 1 month to 17 years (N=8503). Methods: Telephone surveys were used to obtain sociodemographic characteristics, six measures of past year and lifetime exposure to neglect, and assessments of trauma symptoms, suicidal ideation, alcohol use, and illicit drug use. Results: More than 1 in 17 U.S. children (6.07%) experienced some form of neglect in the past year, and more than 1 in 7 (15.14%) experienced neglect at some point in their lives. Supervisory neglect, due to parental incapacitation or parental absence, was most common. Families with two biological parents had lower rates (4.29% in the past year) than other household configurations (range from 7.95% to 14.10%; p < .05). All types of neglect were associated with increased trauma symptoms and suicidal ideation (for 10–17 year olds), and several were associated with increased risk of underage alcohol and illicit drug use. Conclusion: More attention needs to be paid to the impact of supervisory neglect. These results underscore the importance of prevention strategies that provide the supports necessary to build safe, stable, and nurturing relationships and environments that help children thrive.

Keywords

PL

zaniedbywanie; zaniedbanie nadzoru nad dzieckiem krzywdzenie; skutki psychologiczne

EN

neglect; supervisory neglect; maltreatment; psychological impact

• Publisher: Fundacja Dajemy Dzieciom Siłę
• Journal: Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka
• Year: 2019
• Volume: 18
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 153-176

Contributors

author

Vanderminden Jennifer

• University of North Carolina, Wilmington, USA

author

Hamby Sherry

• Life Paths Research Center i University of the South, Sewanee, USA

author

David-Ferdon Corinne

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, USA

author

Kacha-Ochana Akadia

• Juvenile Protective Association, Chicago, USA

author

Merrick Melissa

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, USA

author

Simon Thomas R.

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, Atlanta, USA

author

Finkelhor David

• University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA

author

Turner Heather

• University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA

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