Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2017 | 2(26) | 9-24

Article title

Ekonomiczne efekty międzynarodowej wymiany turystycznej na rozwój gospodarczy w skali globalnej i regionalnej

Content

Title variants

EN
THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBAL TOURISM ON THE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIES ON THE STATE AND REGIONAL LEVEL

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

PL
Według teorii zależności od ścieżki, monokultury turystyczne wydają się stanowić jasny przykład reprodukcji i inercji istniejącego kierunku rozwoju, szczególnie że rozmiary inwestycji turystycznych istotnie podnoszą bariery wyjścia z tej branży. Niemniej odpowiednia świadomość i zaangażowanie władz przy wykorzystaniu eksportu usług turystycznych do pobudzenia i rozwoju innych dziedzin gospodarki o trwałym charakterze umożliwiłyby ograniczenie zależności od fluktuacji popytu turystycznego, które jawią się jako jedne z najpoważniejszych zagrożeń tych gospodarek. Pozwoliłoby również na świadome tworzenie nowych struktur i form działalności, a także zmierzanie w kierunku gospodarki wielogałęziowej, w której w równym stopniu jak turystyka rozwijać się będą rolnictwo, leśnictwo, rzemiosło i rękodzieło, drobny przemysł wraz z całą sferą usług pozaturystycznych.
EN
According to the modernist theory relationships between the Centre and the periphery (the tides of resources, capital, and people) give the possibility to compensate the differences in levels of development. Tourism, developed in areas unsuitable for other areas of the economy, may result in the transfer of resources from rich areas populated by tourists. In the postwar period there was a belief that the foreign exchange revenue from inbound tourism (invisible exports), the surplus in the balance of payments, the effect on employment and infrastructure development significantly outweigh the potential costs, foreign investment (hotels, tourist resorts) and carry the positive effects due to the modernization of the reception areas and redistribution of income. Most Member States also considered tourism as an important balancing factor in the balance of payments. Modernist theory was not verified in practice, on the basis of its critique a new theory of depending developed later in the world system theory. Proponents of these theories point out that the development of the Centre leads to economic and political dependence of the peripherals by siphoning off their resources in Exchange for smaller, selective resource flows in the direction of the periphery. The adverse balance of flows for the outermost regions leads to the effect of enlargement in the economic distance. Dichotomous division of the world into highly and poorly developed countries provides a relatively stable system with attention paid to invariable nature of their relationship. Relationships relate to lack of balance in the trade (always more favorable for the Center), the social behavior of the inhabitants of the peripherals which imitate the behavior of the inhabitants of the highly developed countries and distinctly different systems of social relations (stable in highly developed countries, and on the outskirts of the conflict). The above considerations confirm international economic exchanges in terms of the actual impact of tourism on the economy and on the society of reception states what introduce process of so called tourist colonization. The growing scale of international touristic exchange has a relationship with international development of business and intensification of foreign investment, which entail a wide range of economic, social and ecological changes in the host regions. From the perspective of the tourist region, the emergence of international tourist companies is associated with both the benefits and potential costs. The primary advantage of foreign investment is the inflow of capital. This applies particularly to developing countries, where financial markets are relatively under-developed. The ability to transfer profits abroad is a key theme will play cross-investment. Developing countries have in principle a weak bargaining position in negotiations with international companies. It has its cause in the fact that the markets for tour-operators, airlines (to a lesser extent hotel services) are oligopolistic markets. For the sake of the benefits of having their source in income distribution and transfer of capital development of international tourism is promoted by international organizations (including the UN and OECD). The influx of tourist investment to areas that were previously poorly or not used at all for tourists and the associated change in the economic profile, as well as increasing tourist traffic are defined as tourist colonization. In the literature of the subject dominates the view that this process in underdeveloped economic areas is mainly stimulated from the outside. So called – “Colonists” from rich Nord (Center) are providing supply and allows to develop tourist demand. One might be conscience of the fact that even tourist monoculture arises threats for the local economy on the other hand is the only way of the development of the poor regions.

Contributors

  • Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Płocku

References

  • Balcerowicz Leszek. 1987. Międzynarodowe przepływy gospodarcze. Warszawa: PWN.
  • Barrowclough David. 2007. Foreign Investments in Tourism and Small Island Developing States. Tourism Economics, no. 13.
  • Britton Stephen G. 1982. The political economy of tourism in the Third World, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 9.
  • Briguglio Lino. 1995. Small Island Developing States and their Economics Vulnerabilities. World Development, vol. 23, no. 9.
  • Budnikowski Adam. 2006. Międzynarodowe stosunki gospodarcze. Warszawa: PWE.
  • Czarny Elżbieta. 2002. Teoria i praktyka handlu wewnątrzgałęziowego. Warszawa: SGH.
  • De Kadt Emanuel. 1979. Tourism: Passport to Development? New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Dwyer Larry, Forsyth Petr, Dwyer Wayne. 2001. Tourism Economics and Policy. Channel View Publications. Bristol.
  • Dziedzic Tomasz, Łopaciński Krzysztof, i inni. 2000. Wpływ światowego kryzysu gospodarczego na stan i perspektywy rozwoju sektora turystyki w Polsce. Warszawa.
  • Horner Susan, Swarbrooke John 2000. International Cases in Tourism Management. Elsevier Butterworth - Heinemann. Oxford.
  • Jasiński Michał. 2008. Zrównoważony rozwój w monokulturowych gospodarkach turystycznych. W Zrównoważony rozwój w turystyce. Red. Wodejko S. Warszawa: SGH.
  • Jasiński Michał. 2008. Turystyka a małe gospodarki wyspiarskie. Zeszyty Naukowe Kolegium Gospodarki Światowej SGH, t. 23.
  • Jędrusik Maciej. 2003. Trzy modele kolonizacji turystycznej na przykładzie archipelagów mórz ciepłych. Przegląd Geograficzny, nr 1(75).
  • Kachniewska Magdalena. (2010). Uwarunkowania konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstwa hotelowego. Warszawa: Oficyna wydawnicza SGH.
  • Kachniewska Magdalena, Nawrocka Elżbieta, Pawlicz Adam. (2012). Globalizacja i internacjonalizacja działalności turystycznej. W Rynek Turystyczny. Ekonomiczne zagadnienia turystyki, red. Kachniewska M., Nawrocka E., Niezgoda A., Pawlicz A.Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer business.
  • Piasecki Ryszard. 2003. Rozwój gospodarczy a globalizacja. Warszawa: PWE.
  • Rymarczyk Jan. 2006. Międzynarodowe stosunki gospodarcze. Warszawa: PWE.
  • UNWTO. 2014. Tourism Highlights. 2014 Edition.
  • Wallerstein I. (979. The capitalist World Economy: Essays. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wodejko Stanisław. 1997. Ekonomiczne zagadnienia turystyki. Warszawa: PWSH.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-3ecc824e-fc55-4fd5-8568-175963a9c205
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.