Problemy konstrukcyjne i nadzór autorski

• Authors: Pulikowski Adam

Title variants

EN

PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION AND AUTHOR'S SUPERVISION

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

In the post-war period the site of the Castle, destroyed by the Germans, was cleared of rubble and the preserved parts of the Grodzka Gate and Tower, Gothic Cellars as well as projection of the Saxon wing got protected. 25 years of delay in the reconstruction brought about major d e terio ra tion in a technical condition of o rig in a l walls caused by excessive dampness. On the 20th January 1971 the Government issued a decree on the reconstruction of the Royal Castle in Warsaw. The Atteliers for the Conservation of Cultural Property were appointed General Constructors and they established the Works Management and Design Office. Early in the spring th a t year pulling-down, research and design works were already in itiated. In order to have the possibility of a q u ic ker reconstruction, archaeological, historic and architectonic studies were carried out, p ractically for the first time, along with design and constructional work. A d ra ft design was submitted for approval on November 3rd, 1971 and by then sorting-out work, removal of rubble from the cellars had already been done, while mining brigades had begun ceiling of the foundations and th e ir consolidation by means of a chemical petrification technique or reinforced-concrete ties. Much physical work was done at that time volunta rily by groups of students, pupils and soldiers, while a number of research studies was carried out on a free of charge basis by specialists from various organizations such as Mostostal or Research and Experimental Department of the Mining Construction. The Polish society and Polonia paid spontaneously Polish zlotys and hard currency fo r the reconstruction of the castle and it is with that money th a t the building exists again. The day of July 2, 1974 was agreed as the date of completing "th e Castle's block” , which must have had a complete decor such as a clock with gilded faces and hands, domes with wrought elements and gilded globes, a ll stone and smithery elements including a stone surface in the squares. Afte r then there came the time fo r very sophisticated technological building and conservation work inside the castle on the scope unprecedented in the restoration o f Polish historic structures. To put it briefly, the following may be said about designed and supervised constructions carried out on this particular structure : — the existing cellars have been deepened and new ones have been put in the parts th a t did not have them. The Wielki (Great) Courtyard has also been provided pa rtia lly with cellars. It became necessary to acquire technical cubatures fo r mechanical ventilation, which were built under the floors of the cellars in form of huge canals in reinforced-concrete with a cross-section of 2X 3 , 1 X X 2 m th a t go to make compound runs; — preserved o rigina l walls of the cellars have been a d a p ted a fte r strengthening, protection and installing complex damp-proof insulations; — the cellars have been isolated from the walls o f the gro u n d -flo o r with a membrane made from 1 mm leaden sheet la id on a ll walls; — ground walls house in them a number of horizontal and vertical passages required fo r air-con d itio n in g in s ta lla tions; — bricked carrying vaultings b u ilt trad itio n a lly on carpentry centrings, to ta llin g 5 thousand square m., have been reconstructed over the g ro jjn d -flo o r rooms; — rib-and-slab, caisson, concrete and solid slab floors have been put over high rooms (over 7—14 m in height) of the 1st and 2nd floor, replacing thus huge larchwood beams; — staircases have been reb u ilt in reinforced concrete construction; only the staircase at the Grodzka Tower has been reconstructed in a cut form with stairs forged in dolomite; — steel plain girders have been used fo r roof constructions, assemblied by means of a crane with screwed and then welded jo in ts ; — steel construction has been covered with ceramic and concrete plates, prefabricated together with an insulating layer; — a three-fold layer of specially chosen ta r boards has been glued to the plates; wooden rafters have been put on this surface by means of screws, battens — nailed and roofing tiles were put on copper catches; all wooden elements were always impregnated with fu n gicides and fire-p roo f agents; — cupolas of castle’s towers have been designed in g a lvanized steel construction and upper spires have been made of stainless steel piping. Centrings and boardings under copper sheet were made of larch, impregnated ju s t like rafters; — cupolas have been built on the site of the construction work with regard paid to technical possibilities of cranes that were used when putting them on towers. For example, the biggest cupola of the Clock Tower, because of its weight (27 tons) and height over 25 m, had to be assemblied in two parts and its assembling was done by means of the self-propelled crane, the largest in Poland, made by Coles — Centurion. At the time of their assembling, the cupolas had already their fu ll f i nal decor. The second stage of the construction covered finishing works combined with the reconstruction of the interiors. Old technologies have been employed when making stuccos and gildings. Still, other interesting modern techniques, e.g. at suspending o rig in a l preserved parts of the paintings in the Royal Room or when reconstructing huge bed-moulding in the Ball Room have also been applied. Scientifically and practically proven construction techniques, combined with enthusiasm, eagerness and "master touch” of craftsmen — specialists have all contributed to a fa ith fu ll reconstruction of the Royal Castle in Warsaw.

Keywords

PL

problemy konstrukcyjne; Zamek Królewski w Warszawie; odbudowa Zamku; restytucja Zamku Królewskiego; nadzór nad odbudową; rozwiązania konstrukcyjne; wzmocnienia gruntu; izolacja murów; wzmacnianie murów; hełmy wież

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 1987
• Issue: 1-2
• Pages: 80-95

Dates

published

1987

Contributors

author

Pulikowski Adam

• inż. bud. Iąd., PP PKZ — Oddział Zamek Warszawa

Identifiers

ISSN

0029-8247