Zagadnienie zmiany w populacji wiejskiej. Demografia nie jest (jedynym) przeznaczeniem

• Authors: David L. B r o w n

Title variants

EN

Rural population change matters, but demography is not destiny

• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Change, not stability is the normal situation for rural population in Poland, throughout Europe and in other more developed parts of the world. Rural communities experience population growth, decline, and/or increasing socio-demographic diversity in ways that challenge local institutions such as labor markets, schools, health care and local government. However, even though demographic changes can induce changes in other social and economic domains, demography is not destiny. Changes in population size and composition do not automatically and mechanistically result in changes in economic activity, poverty rates, farm land conversion, air and water pollution, and/or the utilization of government services. Rather, the impacts of population change are mediated by social structure, and by the larger national and international contexts in which rural localities are embedded. This article describes the main demographic trends and changes being experienced by rural Europe at the present time, and examines their potential impact on rural people and communities. I closely examine three of these trends that pose challenges and opportunities for rural communities: (a) population growth and international migration, (b) population ageing, and (c) urbanization and counter-urbanization. Then, using the case study of education, I explore the multiple outcomes that may result from changes in the size and composition of rural population at the community level.

PL

Nie stabilizacja, lecz zmiany są sytuacją sprzyjającą populacjom wiejskim w Polsce, poprzez Europę, a także w innych, lepiej rozwiniętych częściach świata. Społeczności wiejskie doświadczają wzrostu populacyjnego, spadku, a także nasilenia społeczno-demograficznego różnicowania , rzucając tym samym wyzwanie instytucjom lokalnym, takim jak rynki pracy, szkoły, ośrodki służby zdrowia i samorządy lokalne. Mimo, że zmiany demograficzne pociągają za sobą zmiany innej natury, również w obszarze gospodarczym, demografia nie jest jedynym przeznaczeniem. Zmiany natężenia i składu populacji nie pociągają za sobą ani automatycznych, ani mechanistycznych wahań gospodarczych, zmian natężenia ubóstwa, użytkowania ziemi rolnej, zanieczyszczenia wody i powietrza, ani też wykorzystania służb rządowych. Zmiany populacyjne są raczej wspomagane przez strukturę społeczną, a także przez znaczące, narodowe i międzynarodowe tła, w których społeczności wiejskie są zakorzenione. Niniejszy artykuł opisuje główne trendy demograficzne i zmiany, których doświadcza Europa „wiejska” dzisiaj; bada także ich potencjalny wpływ na ludność i społeczności wiejskie. Przyglądam się z bliska trzem takim trendom, które rzucają wyzwanie i dają szanse społecznościom wiejskim: (a) wzrost populacji i emigracja (b) starzenie się oraz (c) rozwój miast. Następnie, stosując studium przypadku, badam wszystkie te rezultaty, które mogą wynikać ze zmian wielkości i składu populacji wiejskiej na szczeblu wspólnotowym.

Keywords

EN

Europe; demography; rural society; population changes; local communities.

PL

Europa; demografia; społeczeństwo wiejskie; zmiany populacji; społecznościl okalne.

• Publisher: Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Stowarzyszenie
• Journal: Przegląd Socjologiczny
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 62
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 135- 149

Dates

published

2013-12-31

Contributors

author

David L. B r o w n

• Cornell University, USA

References

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Identifiers

ISSN

0033-2356