Neurobiologiczne i psychospołeczne uwarunkowania racjonalności zachowań przestępczych – przegląd badań

• Authors: Piotrowski Przemysław

Title variants

EN

Neurobiological and psychosocial conditionings of rationality of criminal behaviour – review

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

Pojęcie „racjonalność” pojawiało się od wieków w dyskursie filozoficznym, a później w nauce. Nic więc dziwnego, że rozważania nad przyczynami przestępczości obejmują między innymi kwestię racjonalności sprawców. Opracowanie zawiera przegląd współczesnych badań dotyczących czynników, które – na poziomie neurobiologicznym, psychologicznym lub społecznym – modyfikują poziom racjonalności działania przestępców. W przypadku nieletnich do zmiennych, które ograniczają racjonalność, można zaliczyć m.in. niedojrzałość struktur mózgowych, wpływ przemian hormonalnych pociągający za sobą niestabilność emocjonalną oraz presję grupy rówieśniczej. Dorośli przestępcy wykazują często deficyty w zakresie aktywności obszarów przedczołowych mózgu, połączone z podwyższoną aktywnością struktur podkorowych, co skutkuje zwiększoną skłonnością do zachowań agresywnych. Zaburzeniom neurofizjologicznym mogą towarzyszyć takie czynniki redukujące racjonalność, jak: błędy myślenia, nawykowe stosowanie technik neutralizacji lub kierowanie się typowym dla „kultury ulicy” (street culture) poczuciem sprawiedliwości. Wszystkie wymienione kwestie należy uwzględniać w ramach wieloaspektowej analizy przyczyn przestępczości.

EN

The term “rationality” has been mentioned for ages in philosophical discourse, and later in science. No wonder that considerations regarding the reasons behind committing crimes involve the question of rationality of culprits. The article comprises a review of contemporary research on factors which, on a neurobiological, psychological or social level, modify the level of rationality of criminals. In case of the juveniles, factors such as not fully developed brain structures, the influence of hormonal changes resulting in emotional instability and peer pressure, should also be taken into account. Adult criminals often manifest a deficit of activity in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, combined with increased activity in the subcortex, resulting in an increased propensity for violence. Neurophysiologic disorders may be accompanied by factors reducing the rationality, such as: errors in thinking, habitual use of neutralisation techniques or being lead by the, typical for street culture, perception of justice. All of the above should be taken into account as a part of a multi-aspect analyses of the causes of crime.

• Publisher: Fundacja Pedagogium
• Journal: Resocjalizacja Polska
• Year: 2011
• Issue: 2/2011
• Pages: 197-232

Dates

published

2011-12-31

Contributors

author

Piotrowski Przemysław

• Uniwersytet Jagielloński

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Identifiers

ISSN

2081-3767