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2010 | 3(13) | 49-66

Article title

Wykorzystywanie instrumentów nadzorczych w polityce makrostabilnościowej

Content

Title variants

EN
Employing Supervisory Tools for Avoiding Unstable Lending Booms

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

PL
W artykule podkreśla się, że za ostatnimi cyklami ożywienia i spowolnienia gospodarczego w wielu krajach stoi wcześniejsze wejście banków komercyjnych na rynki kredytów hipotecznych, z których wyparły one banki hipoteczne i kasy budowlane. Doprowadziło to do powstania systemowego ryzyka będącego wynikiem sytuacji, w której długoterminowe kredyty hipoteczne finansowano stosunkowo krótkoterminowymi depozytami bankowymi. Ryzyko to nasiliło gwałtownie narastające wykorzystanie przez banki krótkoterminowego finansowania o charakterze hurtowym na globalnym międzybankowym rynku pieniężnym. Działania te wywołały w wielu krajach długotrwałe ożywienie koniunktury na rynkach kredytów hipotecznych. Tym procyklicznym zachowaniom banków nie przeciwdziałały organy nadzorcze, wychodząc z doktrynalnego założenia, że spełnienie wymogów kapitałowych przez banki (tzw. Bazylea II) wystarczy do pokrycia potencjalnych strat instytucji finansowych. Globalny kryzys bankowy dowiódł, że przekonanie to było nieuzasadnione. Doświadczenia płynące z niedawnego kryzysu przemawiają za stwierdzeniem, że organy nadzorujące powinny wykorzystywać dostępne narzędzia do przeciwdziałania procykliczności na rynku kredytów bankowych. W artykule podkreśla się, że banki centralne ze względu na swą niezależność powinny odgrywać dominującą rolę w podejmowaniu decyzji o stosowaniu odpowiednich narzędzi do zapobiegania nadmiernemu ożywieniu na tym rynku, gdyż może to prowadzić do kolejnych niestabilnych okresów boomu kredytowego.
EN
The paper underlines that behind the recent boom-bust cycles that occurred in a relatively large number of countries there was the prior massive entry of commercial banks on mortgage markets where they crowded out mortgage banks and building societies. This produced systemic risk resulting from the situation in which long-term mortgage loans begun to be funded with relatively short-term bank deposits. The risk was compounded by the rapidly growing use of short-term wholesale funding taken by banks from the global interbank money market. All this produced long-term booms on the mortgage markets in many countries. The pro-cyclical bank behavior was not contained by supervisors, due to the doctrinal belief that bank capital requirements (Basel II) were sufficient to cover bank potential losses. The global banking crisis proved that this belief was unfounded. The experiences of the crisis illustrated that supervision tools should be used to contain the pro-cyclicality of bank credit. The paper underlines that central banks, due to their independence, should play a dominating role in deciding about using supervisory tools for preventing excessive rate of growth in credit that ould lead to unstable lending booms.

Contributors

  • Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
  • Narodowy Bank Polski
  • Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
  • Narodowy Bank Polski

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Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-6da985e9-3502-44ce-817f-4d4a326483d9
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