Odbudowa włoskich zespołów staromiejskich po zniszczeniach II wojny światowej

• Authors: Gąsiorowski Eugeniusz

Title variants

EN

THE RECONSTRUCTION OF ITALIAN OLD TOWN COMPLEXES AFTER THE 2ND WORLD WAR DESTRUCTION*

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

During the 2nd World War Italian towns suffered big losses. Soon after the end of the war their reconstruction was taken up. The reconstruction was completed in 5 years (although even today one can find in Genoa ruins that were either put in order or left untouched). To reconstruct Italian old town complexes various solutions were adopted ranging from a renewal of individual buildings and filling up the missing elements in street runs, a new arrangment of the area adjoining structures of monumental architecture, reconstruction of large parts of the town to the plans covering the entire old town. In the light of today's theory of monuments conservation, the quality of realized undertakings is not uniform. This is the result of the lack of a general concept and clear criterions of the evaluation of a historic value of the old town and of the fact that the problem was presented to local constructional authorities which had not always been prepared and competent enough to solve them. Still, it must be admitted that in cases that were considered to be of exceptional importance, Instituto Nazionale di Urbanistica set a contest on a countrywide scale (e.g. for Florence, Livorno, Naples, Palermo). There are also examples of direct initiatives and decisions of central conservation authorities (e.g. Palestina). Unfortunately, one has to say that official monuments protection has excluded itself from co-deciding on the form of old towns covered by reconstruction and therefore it bears partial responsibility for what has happened. In practice, Sopraindenze di Monumenti was exclusively engaged with the restoration of chosen monuments, for which they gave univocal guidelines — here, reconstruction was totally accepted as a method of restoration. This negative approach of the services of monuments protection towards town-planning problems found its justification in the statements made by the then leading theoreticians who in fact treated reconstruction of old buildings and view of the town as forgery and irrational scenery and aimed at modern solutions. Because of that old building substance was deprived of not only protection but even its demolition was legally accepted. It can be noted with satisfaction that despite the possibility of freedom and a challenge to a spontaneous expression of modern ideals of the art in the majority of cases the architects used to choose compromising solutions which referred to the character of historic buildings. The essential extremely negative effect upon the reconstruction of the town was exerted by a high speculation with land and buildings, which could be seen in bigger towns. During their implementation correctly designed plans were under such a strong pressure of those factors that they were often left uncontrolled ;(e.g. Florence). In extreme cases the entire historic parts of towns were pulled down and the destruction done often exceeded war damage. After demolition, new buildings were raised, which entirely dominated historic neighbourhood (e.g. Naples, Milan). If one wanted to sum up the reconstruction of Italian historic towns destroyed during the 2nd World War, then one should unfortunately have to define it, despite some interesting solutions, as a wasted chance.

Keywords

PL

odbudowa włoskich zespołów staromiejskich; zniszczenia II wojny światowej; rekonstrukcja starej zabudowy; różne koncepcje odbudowy

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 1987
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 243-253

Dates

published

1987

Contributors

author

Gąsiorowski Eugeniusz

References

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Notes

PL

* Artykuł ten publikowany był w „österreichische Zeitschrift für Kunst und Denkmalpflege”. Jahrgang XXXIX/1985, ss. 87-99.

EN

* The Article has been published in "osterreichische Zeitschrift fur Kunst und Denkmalpflege" , Jahrgang XXXIX/1985, pp. 87—99.

Identifiers

ISSN

0029-8247