The rabbinical, both ancient and contemporary, picture of Jesus and Christianity is far from to be positive or even neutral. The interreligious dialogue initiated after Vaticanum II (1962-1965) has three basic dimensions: 1. better and deeper mutual knowledge; 2. mutual respect towards partners and their religious identity; 3. the collaboration where it is possible and necessary. Having this in mind, the true dialogue is very difficult, because Catholics must be ready to realize that Jewish attitude towards Jesus as the founder of Christianity was, and still is, negative and full of stereotypes rooted in a long history of complex Jewish-Christian relations. Just as existed “the teaching of contempt” on the Christian side, there also existed “the teaching of contempt” on the Jewish side. To be in dialogue means a readiness to overcome the ballast of the past and try to start a new future in mutual attitude and relations.