Karakorum i Erdene Zuu w Mongolii - problemy konserwatorskie

• Authors: Barański Marek

Title variants

EN

KARAKORUM AND ERDENE ZUU IN MONGOLIA - CONSERVATION PROBLEMS

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

Karakorum - the former capital of the Mongol state - and Erdene Zuu - the oldest Mongolian lamaic monastery - constitute the most important historical monuments of this country. The Ministry of Culture of Mongolia has requested a group of specialists from various countries to prepare a report which would define the premises for the conservation of this historical ensemble. These experts included the author of this article, in which he presents his extensive remarks on the subject. The examination of the ruins of Karakorum revealed the existence of ca 75 permanent edifices. Their construction (clay and timber) is the reason why archeological work must be connected with simultaneous conservation. The extant monument of the Erdene Zuu monastery calls for permanent and complex protection - the removal of vegatation around the objects and reconstruction. Due to their unsatisfactory technical condition, some of the monuments such as the town gates and the walls around the monastery call for immediate conservation-construction undertakings. A particularly significant task is the protection of unique murals in pavilions belonging to the Gurvam Zuu temples. The reconstruction of the devastated monastery should be executed upon the basis of a photogrammetric analysis of the existing archival photographs. An archeological and landscape protection zone should be delineated around both Erdene Zuu and Karakorum.

Keywords

PL

cmentarzyska ludów tureckich; badania archeologiczne; Karakorum; zabytki staromongolskie; misje archeologiczne; rekonstrukcja zabytków

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 1992
• Issue: 1-2
• Pages: 59-65

Dates

published

1992

Contributors

author

Barański Marek

• Zarząd PKZ - Warszawa

References

• L. В a z у I o w. Historia Mongolii, Warszawa 1981.
• S.V. Ki s i e lov et . al. , Drievniemongo/skije goroda . Moskva 1965, ss. 123-322,
• K. M inert , Drevniejsije pamiatniki mongolskovo monumenta/novo zodoestva . W: Drevnie kultury Mongolii, Novosybirsk 1985, ss. 184-209.
• E. N a va n, Erdene Zuu. „Sovriemiennaja Mongolia" 1962, nr 11, ss. 12-13.
• N.M. Ś ć e p i e t i l n i k o v , Architektura Mongolii . Moskva 1960, ss. 69-70, 123-124, 165-166;
• N. J i s I, Mongolei. Kunst und Tradition . Prague 1960, s. 20, fig. 20-27;
• D. M a i d a r. Architektura i gradostroitelstwo Mongolii . Moskva 1970, ss. 215-233;
• D. Ma ida r , D. Pi u r v i e j ew. Ot kocevoi do mobilnoi architektury , Moskva 1980, ss. 86-94;
• D. Ma i da r , Pamiatniki istorii i kultury Mongolii . Moskva 1981, p. 66;
• N. T s u l l e n, Mongolian architecture . Ulan Bator 1988, pi. 91-109, 151-156.
• S. Koj ło, Mongolia. Warszawa 1980, ss. 92-94;
• T. Barucki , Architektura Mongolii. Warszawa 1981, ss. 17-20, 25-26, 33-34;
• G. Kubiak, Historia Charchorinu, Warszawa 1985, Instytut Orientalistyczny Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, maszynopis.
• Tajna historia Mongołow 273. Warszawa 1989, s. 208.
• S. Kałuż yńs ki , Dawni Mongołowie. Warszawa 1983, s. 222.
• S. Ka łuż yńs k i , Imperium mongolskie. Warszawa 1970, ss. 167—178;
• Putesestvja v vostocnyje strany Piano Karpini, Rubruka. D ż i o w a n n i del Pł ano Karpini . Istoria Mongolov;
• Gilom de R u b r u k. Puteaestvje v vostocnyje strany. Moskva 1957;
• Podroż brata Jana de Piano Carpino i Benedykta Polakow 1246 , W: Sybir. Pamiętniki Polakow z pobytu na Sybirze ss. 75-91;
• M. Wi s z n i e w s k i , Historia literatury polskiej. Krakow 1840-1857. T. II, ss. 204 ff.
• Raśid ad din, Sbornik letopisiej. Moskva-Leningrad 1960. T. II, ss. 40-41.
• M a r k o Polo. Opisanie świata 64. Warszawa 1975, ss. 130-131.
• T.D. S k r y n n i к o v a, Lamaistskaia cerkov i gosudarstvo. Novosibirsk 1983, ss. 25, 29-30.
• Ch.R. В a w d e n, The Modern History of Mongolia. London 1968, ss. 31, 75, 84-85.
• N.N. J a dr inc e v , Putesestvie v vierhovia Or с ho na k rozvalinam Karakoruma. Isviestia imperatorskovo russkovo geograficeskovo obecestva. St. Petersburg 1890. vol. 26/6, ss. 257-271 ;
• N.M. J a d r i n cev, Otćet ekspedicii na Orchon soversenoi w 1889 godu.
• W: V. Radlov, Sbornik trudov Orchonskoi ekspedicii. vol. I, ss. 93-99;
• V. R a d I о v, Trudy Orchonskoi ekspedicii . vol. I, St. Petersburg 1892, taf. 37-39, vol. II St. Petersburg 1893, taf. 36;
• H. Leder , Reise an den oberen Orchon und zu den Ruinen von Karakorum in; „Mittheilungen der k.k. Geographischen Gesellschaft” . Wien 37/1984, ss b. 407-436.
• A. P o z d n i e j e v, Mongolia i Mongoly. St. Petersburg 1896, vol. 1, ss. 426-459.
• W. K о t v i ć. Mongolskije nadpisi w Erdeni dzu. Petrograd 1917.
• U. Erdenebat , O stanie i problemach ochrony i konserwacji zabytkow w Mongolii. „Ochrona Zabytkow" 1990, nr 2, ss. 91-92
• U. E r d e n e b a t. Zabytkowe budowle drewniane Mongolii i problemy ich ochrony. „Ochrona Zabytkow" 1979, nr 2, ss. 133-136
• Encycklopedia of World Art, vol. X. London "1965, s. 246, pl. 133.

Identifiers

ISSN

0029-8247