Odbudowa, konserwacja i ochrona zabytków architektury na Dolnym Śląsku w latach 1945-1978

• Authors: Przyłęcki Mirosław

Title variants

EN

THE RECONSTRUCTION, CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS AT LOWER SILESIA IN THE YEARS FROM 1945 TO 1978

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

To start with, the author specific a territorial scope of the pape identifying it with the area of the present so-called Lower Silesian voivodships (formed in 1975), i.e. the voivodships of Jelenia Góra, Legnica, Wałbrzych, and Wrocław with the town of Wroclaw. The author proceeds then on to discuss major publications on the reconstruction of monuments and organization of conservatory works at Lower Silesia, with a particular attention paid to source elaborations in the form of the information prepared by successive voivodship and town monuments conservators in Wroclaw. The war destructions of historic towns and individual architectural monuments in Lower Silesia are presented in great detail. Their characteristics is based not only on rough estimates made after 1945 but also on the result of later historical studies, recordings and thorough analyses. The author gives i.a. a total percentage of destruction of certain historical towns like Lubin (90%), Ścinawa (about 60%), Bierutów (about 80%), Strzegom (about 60%), Strzelin (about 80%). The estimation of Wroclaw’s destruction ranges from 85%) the region of Nowy Targ Square to 30% (western part). The destruction of most important architectural monuments of Wroclaw is also calculated in per cent. Besides, the author points out a relation between direct destructions caused by military operations and the so-called secondary destructions which arose in the port-war period. The article contains also a brief outline of the history of the organization of conservatory services as well as rescue and conservation works in Wroclaw and also in the then voivodship of Wroclaw (1945— 1955), regarded as the beginnings of the reconstruction of monuments and, in a more general sense, of the Polish conservation activities. The author tries to give major facts and names of the people involved in the organization of monuments protection in the first post-war decade. Effects of conservatory works in Lower Silesia in the years between 1945 and 1968 are described in general terms (conservation works were carried out on oVer 1.000 historic structures in the voivodship of Wroclaw and 200 buildings in Wrocław, development operations comprised ca 3.000 architectural monuments). At this point the author draws the attention to a high proportion of the number of structures subjected to building and con servation treatment, assessing them at 2/3 of the total number о registered historic buildings in Wroclaw and over 1/3 of munuments in the voivodship of Wroclaw. These data refer to the number recorded before 1975. After 1975 lists of historic structures included also buildings from the 2nd half of the 19th century and even early 20th century, which of course may affect the proportions described above. A detailed description is given in annexes I—VI, in which the author discusses (illustrating with examples) the following: I — structures rebuilt from war destruction ; the author gives here his opinion on the problem of the so-called reconstruction and emphasizes its need in definite spatial structures and socio-cultural situations; II — buildings rebuilt with the aim to modernize their utilitarian functions, with repair and conservation of historic structures ; III — technical provisioning and exposition of the so-called permanent ruins, carried out without a utilitarian programme in mind, in the economic sense ; IV — major and running repairs of the structures decapitalized technically, without essential functional changes ; V — the restoration of the interiors of historic architectonic buildings, VI — provisional (temporary) protection stabilizing the present condition of the object’s destruction, preventing it from a further decay until it will be possible to undertake planned complex building and conservatory works, as a rule associated with establishing a new functional and potential programme or a factual user of the building. In each annex the author lists numerous examples of monuments covered by the described works and — where possible — also names of designers. The attention is drawn to a relatively complicated problem of the authorship of some works, in which specialists of other branches connected with the conservation of monuments (e.g. archeologists, art historians, historians, constructors, chemists, fitters and others), directly or indirectly participated. The form ana way of work performance were also often affected substantially by conservators, „administrators” and members of various consultative councils (not mentioned by names because of the scarcity of the work).

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 1979
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 267-281

Dates

published

1979

Contributors

author

Przyłęcki Mirosław

• dr inż. arch., PP PKZ — Oddział we Wrocławiu

References

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