Body composition and basal metabolic rate in pregnant women

• Authors: Shaila Bhardwaj , Deepali Verma , Satwanti Kapoor
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Pregnancy, a milieu of physiological and metabolic adaptation, is associated with enhanced basal metabolic rate by alteration in maternal tissue and metabolism to ensure foetal growth and development. A cross-sectional study of Indian Baniya females was conducted to assess the relationship between basal metabolic rate and body composition during pregnancy. The 20-40 year old female subjects were broadly categorized in two groups; pregnant (N=198) and non-pregnant (N=35).Anthropometric measurements of each subject included height and weight, with basal metabolic rate (BMR), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and total body water (TBW) assayed by bioelectric impedance body composition analyzer. The descriptive statistics revealed pregnancy associated weight gain, increased FFM, FM, TBW and BMR with marked changes during the second and third trimesters. Although multiple linear regression analysis showed substantial change in BMR due to both FM and FFM, fat-free mass contributed to a much lesser extent. Pregnancy, as an anabolic phase of the female reproductive cycle, is associated with metabolic flexibility which alters the relationship between body composition and BMR. These findings however require further validation in longitudinal design studies.

Keywords

EN

pregnant women; body composition; basal metabolic rate; Baniya

• Publisher: Sciendo
• Journal: Anthropological Review
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 76
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 163-171

Dates

published

2013-12-01

online

2014-01-25

Contributors

author

Shaila Bhardwaj

• Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, India

author

Deepali Verma

• Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, India

author

Satwanti Kapoor

• Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, India

References

• Bowerman BL, O’Connell RT. 1990. Linear statistical models: an applied approach. 2nd Edition. Belmont, CA: Duxbury.
• Bronsteina MN, Maka RP, King JC. 1996. Unexpected relationship between fat mass and basal metabolic rate in pregnant women. Br J Nutr 75: 659-68.
• Butte NF, Hopkinson JM, Mehta N, Moon JK, Smith EO’Brian. 1999. Adjustments in energy expenditure and substrate utilization during late pregnancy and lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 69:299-307.
• Butte NF, Wong WW, Treuth MS, Ellis KJ, O’Brian Smith E. 2004. Energy requirements during pregnancy based on total energy expenditure and energy deposition. Am J Clin Nutr 79:1078-87.
• Campbell-Brown M, Hytten F. 1998. Nutrition. In G Chamberlain and PF Broughton, editors. Clinical physiology in obstetrics. 3rd edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Science: 165-91.
• Ellison PT. 2001. On fertile ground. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Forsum E, Sadurskis A, Wager J. 1988. Resting metabolic rate and body composition of healthy Swedish women during pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 47:942-47.
• Forsum E. 2004. Energy requirements during pregnancy: old questions and new findings.Am J Clin Nutr 79 (6):933-34.
• Frankenfield DC, Cooney RN, Smith JS, Rowe WA. 1999. Bioelectrical impedance plethysmographic analysis of body composition in critically injured and healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 69:426-31.
• Goldberg G, Prentice A, Coward W, Davies HL, Murgatroyd PR, C Wensing, Black AE, Harding M, Sawyer M. 1993. Longitudinal assessment of energy expenditure in pregnancy by the doubly labeled water method. Am J Clin Nutr 57:494-505.
• Hytten F. 1980. Nutrition. In F Hytten and G Chamberlain, editors. Clinical physiology in obstetrics. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
• Hytten FE, Leitch I. 1971. The physiology of human pregnancy. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
• Lawrence M, Lawrence F, Coward WA, Cole TJ, Whitehead RG. 1987. Energy requirements of pregnancy in the Gambia. Lancet 2(8567):1072-76.
• Levario-Carrillo M, Avitia M, Tufino-Olivares E, Trevizo E, Corral-Terrazas M, Reza- Lopez S. 2006. Body composition of patients with hypertensive complications during pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy 25:259-69.
• Lof M, Olausson H, Bostrom K, Janerot- Sjöberg B, Sohlstrom A, Forsum E. 2005. Changes in basal metabolic rate during pregnancy in relation to changes in body weight and composition, cardiac output, insulin-like growth factor I, and thyroid hormones and in relation to fetal growth. Am J Clin Nutr 81:678-85.
• Lukaski HC, Bolonchuk WW. 1987. Theory and validation of the tetrapolar BIA method to assess Human Body composition.In: KJ Ellis, S Yasumura, and WD Morgan, editors. In vivo Body Composition Studies. The Institute of Physical Sciences, London.
• Lukaski HC, Hall CB, Siders WA. 2007. Assessment of change in hydration in women during pregnancy and postpartum with bioelectrical impedance vectors. Nutrition 23(7-8):543-50.
• Menard S. 1995. Applied logistic regression analysis. Sage University paper series on quantitative applications in the social sciences. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Nelson KM, Weinsier RL, Long CL, Schutz Y. 1992. Prediction of resting energy expenditure from fat-free mass and fat mass. Am J Clin Nutr 56:848-56.
• Okerede NC, Huston-Presley L, Amini SB, Kalhan S, Catalano PM. 2004. Longitudinal changes in energy expenditure and body composition in obese women with normal and impaired glucose tolerance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287:472-79.
• Prentice A, Spaaij C, Goldberg GR, Poppitt SD, Van Raaij JM, Totton M, Swann D, Black AE. 1996. Energy requirements of pregnant and lactating women. Eur J Clin Nutr 50:82-111.
• Ravussin E, Lillioja S, Knowler WC, Christin L, Freymond D, Abbott WG, Boyce V, Howard BV, Bogardus C. 1988. Reduced rate of energy expenditure as a risk factor for body-weight gain. N Engl J Med 318: 467-72.
• Segal KR, Gutin B, Presta E, Wang J, Van Itallie T. 1985. Estimation of human body composition by electrical impedance methods: a comparative study. J Appl Physiol 58:1565-67.
• Svendsen OL, Hassager C, Christiansen C.1993. Impact of regional and total body composition and hormones on resting energy expenditure in overweight postmenopausal women. Metabolism 42: 1588-91.
• Wang Z, Heshka S, Gallagher D, Boozer CN, Kotler DP, Heymsfield SB. 2000. Resting energy expenditure-fat-free mass relationship: new insights provided by body composition modelling. AJP 279 (3): 539-45. Weiner JS, Lourie JA. 1981. Practical Human Biology. Academic Press: New York.
• Weinsier RL, Yves S, and David. 1992. Re-examination of the relationship of resting metabolic rate to fat-free mass and to the metabolically active components of fat-free mass in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 55:790-94.
• Weyer C, Snitker S, Bogardus C, Ravussin E. 1999. Energy metabolism in African Americans: potential risk factors for obesity.Am J Clin Nutr 70: 13-20.

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/anre-2013-0002