Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


Journal

2013 | 23 | 2 | 124-147

Article title

Who is corrupt? Anthropological reflections on the moral, the criminal and the borderline

Authors

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
Drawing on historical and contemporary evidence from Great Britain and Italy, this article examines actions that fall under official definitions of corruption and actions that are not illegal but are widely regarded as morally corrupt. As a social anthropologist, I argue that when dealing with the complexity of corruption and abuses of power, we need to identify what aspects of the system encourage or generate illicit practices (illegal and legal) and what aspects could instead generate real change. It is imperative to assess the precise identity of the dividing line between the legitimate and the illegitimate and between the legal and the moral, and to address both the exact relationship of the protagonists in public life to formal law and its production and their perceived legitimacy in the broader society. Empirical evidence suggests that the production of the law must take into account the moralities which inform the definition of legitimacy at the grassroots, for legislation that enjoys such legitimacy is authoritative-therefore effective-legislation, and thus is governance that benefits from and abides by such legislation.

Publisher

Journal

Year

Volume

23

Issue

2

Pages

124-147

Physical description

Dates

published
2013-04-01
online
2013-03-28

Contributors

author
  • University of Kent

References

  • [1] Alatas, H. S. (1968). The Sociology of Corruption: The Nature, Function, Causes and Prevention of Corruption. Singapore: D. Moore Press.
  • [2] Bailey, F. (1969). Stratagems and Spoils. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • [3] Bax, M. (1976). Harpstrings and Confessions. Machine-Style Politics in the Irish Republic. Amsterdam: Van Gorcum.
  • [4] Blakenburg, E., Staudhammer, R. and Steinert, H. (1989). Political Scandals and Corruption: Issues in West Germany. In A. J. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston and V. T. Le Vine (Eds.). Political Corruption: A Handbook, pp. 913–32. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
  • [5] Block, A. (1996). American Corruption and the Decline of the Progressive Ethos. In M. Levi and D. Nelken (Eds.). Corruption of Politics and the Politics of Corruption, pp. 18–35. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • [6] Bufi, F. (2007). Rifiuti: Bassolino va processato. Corriere della Sera, 1 August.
  • [7] Burman, S. B., Harrel-Bond, B. E. (1979). Introduction. In S. B. Burman and B. E. Harrel-Bond (Eds.). The Imposition of Law pp. 1–7. New York: Academic Press.
  • [8] Burman, S. B., Harrel-Bond, B. E. (Eds.). (1979). The Imposition of Law, New York: Academic Press.
  • [9] Caferra, V. M. (1992). Il sistema della corruzione: le ragioni, i soggetti, i luoghi, Rome: Laterza.
  • [10] Chiariello, P. (2008). Monnezzopoli: La Grande Truffa. Naples: Tullio Pironti.
  • [11] Cordova, A. and D’Amato, A. (2000). Pubblica amministrazione: il controllo come strumento di prevenzione della condotta illecita. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Corruzione tra moralit e legge, pp. 155–159. Rome: Sviluppo Economico 4 (3).
  • [12] Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana. Rome: Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato.
  • [13] D’Avanzo, G. (2008). Intervista al sindaco di Napoli Rosa Russo Iervolino. Repubblica 5, December.
  • [14] Della Corte, M. (2007). Bassolino: Amici e Compagni. Naples: Controcorrente.
  • [15] Della Porta D., Meny, Y. (Eds.). (1997). Democracy and Corruption in Europe. London and Washington: Pinter.
  • [16] Demarco, M. (2007). L’altra met della storia: Spunti e Riflessioni su Napoli da Lauro a Bassolino. Naples: Guida.
  • [17] Demarco, M. (2009). Bassa Italia: L’Antimeridionalismo della Sinistra Meridionale. Naples: Guida.
  • [18] Di Feo, G. (2008). Compagni Spa. L’Espresso 49, 58–66.
  • [19] Doig, A. (1996). From Lynskey to Nolan: The Corruption of British Politics and Public Service? In M. Levi, D. Nelken (Eds.). The Corruption of Politics and the Politics of Corruption, pp. 36–56. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • [20] Feld de la, G. (2000). Imposizione normativa all’impresa: quando la legge incoraggia i comportamenti corrotti. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Corruzione tra moralit e legge, pp. 139–144. Rome: Sviluppo Economico 4 (3).
  • [21] Fiume Mariniello, L. (2000). Revisione interna ed esterna: anomalie comportamentali. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Corruzione tra moralit e legge, pp. 145–154. Rome: Sviluppo Economico 4 (3).
  • [22] Gill, T. (2000). Unconventional Moralitites: Tolerance and Containment in Urban Japan. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Morals of Legitimacy: Between Agency and the System, pp. 229–56. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
  • [23] Giordano, A. and Tarro, G. (2012). Campania: Terra di Veleni. Naples: Dlibri.
  • [24] Gledhill, J. (2004). Corruption as the Mirror of the State in Latin America. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Between Morality and Law: Corruption, Anthropology and Comparative Society, pp. 155–179. Franham: Ashgate.
  • [25] Gupta, A. (1995). Blurred Boundaries: The Discourse of Corruption, the Culture of Politics, and the Imagined State. American Ethnologist 375–402 [Crossref]
  • [26] Friedrich, C. (1989). Corruption Concepts in Historical Perspective. In A. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston and V. T. Le Vine (Eds.). Political Corruption: A Handbook, pp. 15–24. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
  • [27] Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
  • [28] Harris, O. (Ed.). (1996). Inside and Outside the Law: Anthropological Studies of Authority and Ambiguity. London: Routledge.
  • [29] Harrison, E. (2004). The “Cancer of Corruption”. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Between Morality and the Law: Corruption, Anthropology and Comparative Society, pp. 135–153. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • [30] Heidenheimer, A., Johnston, M. and Le Vine, V. T. (1989). Terms, Concepts, and Definitions: An Introduction. In A. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston and V. T. Le Vine (Eds.). Political Corruption: A Handbook, pp. 3–14. New Brunswick: Transaction Books
  • [31] Heidenheimer, A., Johnston, M. and LeVine, V. T. (Eds.). (1989). Political Corruption: A Handbook. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
  • [32] Humphrey, C. and Sneath, D. (2004). Shanghaied by the Bureaucracy: Bribery and Post-Soviet Officialdom in Russia and Mongolia. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Between Morality and Law: Corruption, Anthropology and Comparative Society, pp. 85–99. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • [33] Iovene, B. and Lombardi, N. (2008). Campania Infelix. Milan: Rizzoli.
  • [34] King, P. (1989). Socioeconomic Development and Corrupt Campaign Practices in England. In A. J. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston and V. T Le Vine (Eds.). Political Corruption: A Handbook, pp. 233–250. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
  • [35] Klaveren van, J. (1989). Corruption as a Historical Phenomenon. In A. J. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston and V. T. Le Vine (Eds.). Political Corruption: A Handbook, pp. 73–86. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
  • [36] Kramer, J. M. (1989). Political Corruption in the U.S.S.R. In A. J. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston and V. T. Le Vine (Eds.). Political Corruption: A Handbook, pp. 449–65. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
  • [37] Leff, N. (1993). Economic Development through Bureaucratic Corruption. In A. J. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston and V. T. Le Vine (Eds.). Political Corruption: A Handbook, pp. 389–421. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
  • [38] Levi, M and Nelken, D. (Eds). (1996). Corruption of Politics and the Politics of Corruption. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • [39] Lloyd-Bostock, S. M. A. (1979). Explaining Compliance with Imposed Law. In S. B. Burman and B. E. Harrel-Bond (Eds.). The Imposition of Law, pp. 9–25. New York: Academic Press.
  • [40] Lowenstein, D. H. (1989). Legal Efforts to Define Political Bribery. In A. J. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston and V. T. Le Vine (Eds.). Political Corruption: A Handbook, pp. 29–38. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
  • [41] Lukes, S. (1991). Moral Conflict and Politics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • [42] Marshall, T. H. (1950). Citizenship, Social Class and Other Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • [43] Mazzoni, C. (2000). L’impresa tra rispetto della legge e eccessi normativi: la fiducia e l’operativit come deterrenti verso la corruzione. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Comportamenti Illegittimi e Corruzione, pp. 89–102. Rome: Sviluppo Economico 4 (1).
  • [44] Miller, A. (2000). La realt della corruzione e l’inadeguatezza normative. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Comportamenti Illegittimi e Corruzione, pp. 139–43. Rome: Sviluppo Economico 4 (1).
  • [45] Miller, A. (2004). Corruption between Morality and Legitimacy in the Context of Globalization. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Between Morality and Law: Corruption, Anthropology and Comparative Society pp. 53–67. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • [46] Milton, K. (Ed.) (1993). Environmentalism: A view from Anthropology, London: Routledge.
  • [47] Montesquieu, Ch. De Secondat (1989). The Spirit of the Laws. In A. M. Cohler, B.C. Miller and H.S. Stone (Eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • [48] Moore, S. F. (1978). Law as Process. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • [49] Nilsson, H. (1994). Substantive Criminal Law: Corruption and Money-laundering. In D.V. Trang (Ed.). Corruption and Democracy, pp. 89–104. Budapest: Institute for Constitutional and Legislative Policy.
  • [50] Nye, J. (1989). Corruption and Political Development: A Cost-Benefit Analysis. In A. J. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston and V. T. Le Vine (Eds.). Political Corruption: A Handbook, pp. 963–83. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
  • [51] Overing, J. (Ed.). (1985). Reason and Morality. London: Tavistock.
  • [52] Paravia, A. (2000). La corruzione e la morale d’impresa. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Corruzione tramoralit e legge, pp. 115–226. Rome: Sviluppo Economico 4 (3).
  • [53] Pardo, I. (1996). Managing Existence in Naples: Morality, Action and Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621802[Crossref]
  • [54] Pardo, I. (2000a). Introduction: Morals of Legitimacy: Interplay between Responsibility, Authority and Trust. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Morals of Legitimacy: Between Agency and the System, pp. 1–26. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
  • [55] Pardo, I. (2000b). When Power Lacks Legitimacy: Relations of Politics and Law to Society in Italy. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Morals of Legitimacy: Between Agency and the System, pp. 83–106. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
  • [56] Pardo, I. (2001). Elite senza fiducia: ideologie, etiche di potere, legittimit, Catanzaro: Rubbettino.
  • [57] Pardo, I. (2004). Where it Hurts: An Italian Case of Graded and Stratified Corruption. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Between Morality and the Law: Corruption, Anthropology and Comparative Societies, pp. 33–52. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • [58] Pardo, I. and Prato, G.B. (2005). The Fox-Hunting Debate in the United Kingdom: A Puritan Legacy? Human Ecology Review 12, pp. 142–154.
  • [59] Pardo, I. (2009). Dynamics of Exclusion and Integration: A Sobering View from Italy. In G. B. Prato (Ed.). Beyond Multiculturalism: Views from Anthropology, pp. 103–122. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • [60] Pardo, I. (2010). Italian Rubbish: Elemental Issues of Citizenship and Governance. In I. Pardo and G.B. Prato (Eds.). Citizenship and the Legitimacy of Governance: Anthropology in the Mediterranean Region pp. 25–45. Farnham: Ashgate
  • [61] Pardo, I. (2012). Entrepreneurialism in Naples: Formality and Informality. Urbanities 21, 30–45. Available at: http://www.anthrojournal-urbanities.com/journal2/index.html).
  • [62] Pardo, I. (Ed.). (2000a). Comportamenti Illegittimi e Corruzione, Rome: Sviluppo Economico 4 (1).
  • [63] Pardo, I. (Ed.). (2000b). Morals of Legitimacy: Between Agency and the System. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
  • [64] Pardo, I. (Ed.). (2000c). Corruzione tra moralit e legge. Rome: Sviluppo Economico 4 (3).
  • [65] Pardo, I. (Ed.). (2004). Between Morality and the Law: Corruption, Anthropology and Comparative Society. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • [66] Pardo, I. and Prato, G. B. (Eds). (2010). Citizenship and the Legitimacy of Governance: Anthropology in the Mediterranean Region. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • [67] Parry, J. (2000). The “Crisis of Corruption” and “the Idea of India: A Worm’ s Eye View”. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Morals of Legitimacy: Between Agency and the System, pp. 27–55. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
  • [68] Pitch, T. (1983). Sociology and Law in Italy. Journal of Law and Society 10, 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1410004[Crossref]
  • [69] Plattner, S. (Ed.). (1989). Economic Anthropology. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • [70] Prato, G. B. (1993). Political Decision-making: Environmentalism, Ethics and Popular Participation in Italy. In K. Milton (Ed.). Environmentalism: A View from Anthropology, pp. 174–188. London: Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203449653_chapter_12[Crossref]
  • [71] Prato, G. B. (2000). The Cherries of the Mayor: Degrees of Morality and Responsibility in Local Italian Administration. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Morals of Legitimacy: Between Agency and the System, pp. 57–82. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
  • [72] Prato, G. B. (2004). “The Devil is not as Wicked as People Believe, Neither is the Albanian”: Corruption between Moral Discourses and National Identity. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Between Morality and the Law: Corruption, Anthropology and Comparative Society, pp. 69–84. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • [73] Prato, G. B. (Ed.). (2009). Beyond Multiculturalism:Views from Anthropology. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • [74] Rigi, J. (2004). Corruption in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Between Morality and the Law: Corruption, Anthropology and Comparative Society, pp. 101–118. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • [75] Roodhouse, M. (2002). The 1948 Belcher Affair and Lynskey Tribunal. Twentieth Century British History 13, 348–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/13.4.384
  • [76] Rose-Ackerman, S. (1989). Corruption and the Private Sector. In A. J. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston and V. T. Le Vine (Eds.). Political Corruption: A Handbook, pp. 661–83. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
  • [77] Rose-Ackerman, S. (1999). Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences and Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175098[Crossref]
  • [78] Ruffo, A. (2000a). L’informazione corrotta. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Comportamenti Illegittimi e Corruzione, pp. 121–124. Rome: Sviluppo Economico 4 (1).
  • [79] Ruffo, A. (2000b). Corruzione nella stampa tra etica e opinione pubblica. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Corruzione tra moralit e legge, pp. 239–244. Rome: Sviluppo Economico 4 (3).
  • [80] Ruffo, A. (2011). After the Murdoch Affair: A Better Ethics? Urbanities 1, 60–65. Available at: http://www.anthrojournal-urbanities.com.
  • [81] Ruggiero, V. (1996). Organized and Corporate Crime in Europe. Aldershot: Dartmouth.
  • [82] Saltman, M. (1985). “The Law is a Ass”: An Anthropological Appraisal. In J. Overing (Ed.). Reason and Morality, pp. 226–239. London: Tavistock.
  • [83] Scott, J. C. (1972). Comparative Political Corruption. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • [84] Scott, J. C. (1989). Handling Historical Comparisons Cross-Nationally. In A. J. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston and V. T. Le Vine (Eds.). Political Corruption: A Handbook, pp. 129–143. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
  • [85] Sedlenieks, K. (2004). Rotten Talk: Corruption as Part of a Discourse in Contemporary Latvia. In I. Pardo (Ed.). Between Morality and the Law: Corruption, Anthropology and Comparative Society, pp. 119–134. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • [86] Starr, J. and Collier, J. F. (Eds.). (1989). History and Power in the Study of Law: New Directions in Legal Anthropology. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • [87] Tamanaha, B. Z. (1993). The Folly of the “Social Scientific” Concept of Legal Pluralism. Journal of Law and Society 20, 192–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1410167[Crossref]
  • [88] Torsello, D. (2012). The New Environmentalism? Civil Society and Corruption in the Enlarged EU. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • [89] Trang, D. V. (1994). Corruption and Democracy. Budapest: Institute for Constitutional and Legislative Policy.
  • [90] Weber, M. (1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organisation. New York: The Free Press.
  • [91] Weber, M. (1978). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. G. Roth & C. Wittich (Eds.). 2 vols. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • [92] White, G. (1996). Corruption and the Transition from Socialism in China. In M. Levi and D. Nelken (Eds.). Corruption of Politics and the Politics of Corruption, pp. 149–169. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • [93] Winnet, R. and Rayner, G. (2009). No Expenses Spared. London: Telegraph Books. World Bank (2000). Anticorruption in Transition: Confronting the Challenge of State Capture. World Bank: Washington D.C.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.doi-10_2478_s13374-013-0115-7
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.