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2023 | 71 | 2 | 129-146

Article title

Ethics, Religion, and the Problem of Life: Tolstoy’s Influence on Wittgenstein’s Thinking about the Meaning of Life

Content

Title variants

PL
Etyka, religia i problem życia: wpływ Tołstoja na myślenie Wittgensteina na temat sensu życia

Languages of publication

Abstracts

PL
W niniejszym artykule staram się pokazać, jaki wpływ na myślenie Wittgensteina o zagadnieniu sensu życia wywarł Lew Tołstoj. Rozpoczynam od ustalenia, które pisma Tołstoja Wittgenstein znał. Dalej przechodzę do trzech obszarów wpływu: (1) ujmowania pytania o sens życia jako centralnego problemu filozoficznego, (2) definiowania Etyki za pomocą kategorii sensu życia oraz (3) idei, zgodnie z którą rozwiązanie problemu sensu życia polega na zmianie praktycznej, a nie udzieleniu teoretycznej odpowiedzi. Zagadnienie to z kolei składa się z trzech części: (3a) tezy, że pytanie dotyczące sensu życia jest pseudopytaniem, (3b) tezy, że zniknięcie pytania o sens nie jest jeszcze rozwiązaniem problemu oraz (3c) tezy, że rozwiązanie problemu sensu życia polega na przyjęciu religijnego nastawienia względem świata. Staram się pokazać, że w punkcie 1 Wittgenstein przejął pomysł Tołstoja, lecz poddał go pewnej korekcie, co wyjaśnia zabieg definicyjny wymieniony w punkcie 2, natomiast w punkcie 3 Wittgenstein akceptuje idee Tołstoja, starając się jedynie nadać im swoje własne sformułowanie.
EN
In this paper, I try to show to what extent Wittgenstein’s thinking about the problem of the meaning of life was influenced by Tolstoy. I begin with the problem of what Tolstoy’s writings, especially philosophical, Wittgenstein knew. Then I proceed to three areas of impact: (1) treating the question of the meaning of life as the central problem for philosophy, (2) defining Ethics in terms of the meaning of life, and (3) the idea that the solution of the problem of the meaning of life lies in a practical change, not in giving a theoretical answer, which in turn is broken down into three more specific ideas, namely that (3a) the question concerning the meaning of life is a pseudo-question, that (3b) this vanishing of the question is not yet the solution, and that (3c) the solution of the problem of life consists in taking a religious attitude towards the world. I try to show that in point 1 Wittgenstein accepted Tolstoy’s general idea, but gave it his own version, which in turn makes the definition of Ethics in terms of the meaning of life in point 2 understandable; whereas in point 3 Wittgenstein accepts Tolstoy’s ideas and tries to formulate them in his own way.

Year

Volume

71

Issue

2

Pages

129-146

Physical description

Dates

published
2023

Contributors

  • John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin

References

  • Bartlett, Rosamund. 2010. Tolstoy. A Russian Life. London: Profile.
  • Boot, Alexander. 2009. God and Man According to Tolstoy. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Engelmann, Paul. 1967. Letters from Ludwig Wittgenstein, with a Memoir. Edited by Brian McGuinness, translated by L. Furtmüller. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Drury, Maurice. 1981. “Some Notes on Conversations with Wittgenstein.” In Ludwig Wittgenstein: Personal Recollections, edited by Rush Rhees, 91–111. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Janik, Allan, and Stephen Toulmin. 1996. Wittgenstein’s Vienna. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.
  • Malcolm, Norman. 1958. Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoir. With a biographical sketch by G. H. von Wright. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Malimonova, Svietlana. 2022. “‘New Religious Consciousness’ as the Development of L. N. Tolstoy Main Idea of ‘Religion’ – The Idea of Apostasy from Orthodoxy.” Ideas and Ideals 14 (1–2): 428–37.
  • McGuinness, Brian. 1988. Young Ludwig. Wittgenstein’s Life 1889–1921. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Moulin, Daniel. 2017. “Tolstoy, Universalism and the World Religions.” The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 68 (3): 570–87.
  • Roszyk, Maksymilian. 2017. “Problem jedności Tołstojowskiej koncepcji religii.” Roczniki Filozoficzne 65 (4): 177–99.
  • Roszyk, Maksymilian. 2020. Religia jako praktyka. Ludwiga Wittgensteina koncepcja religii w kontekście filozofii Sørena Kierkegaarda i Lwa Tołstoja. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL.
  • Thomas, Emyr Vaughan. 1997. “Wittgenstein and Tolstoy: The Authentic Orientation.” Religious Studies 33 (4): 363–77.
  • Thompson, Caleb. 1997. “Wittgenstein, Tolstoy and the Meaning of Life.” Philosophical Investigations 20 (2): 97–116.
  • Tolstoy, Leo. 1951. The Kingdom of God is Within You. Christianity Not as a Mystic Religion but as a New Theory of Life. Translated by C. Garnett. [N.p.]: Watchmaker Publishing.
  • Tolstoy, Leo. 1987. A Confession and Other Religious Writings. Translated by Jane Kentish. London: Penguin.
  • Tolstoy, Leo. 1987a. A Confession. In A Confession and Other Religious Writings, 17–80.
  • Tolstoy, Leo. 1987b. Religion and Morality. In A Confession and Other Religious Writings, 129–50.
  • Tolstoy, Leo. 1987c. What is Religion and What Does Its Essence Consist In? In A Confession and Other Religious Writings, 81–128.
  • Tolstoy, Leo. 2023. Anna Karenina. Translated by Constance Garnett. Retrieved Feb. 26, 2023 from Full Text Archive, cdn.fulltextarchive.com/wp-content/uploads/wp-advanced-pdf/1/An na-Karenina.pdf.
  • Weisbein, Nicolas. 1960. L’evolution religieuse de Tolstoi. Paris: Librairie Des Cinq Continents.
  • Wittgenstein, Hermine. 1981. “Mein Bruder Ludwig.” In Ludwig Wittgenstein: Personal Recollections, edited by Rush Rhees, 14–25. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1922. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Translated by Charles Kay Ogden. London: Kegan Paul.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1961. Notebooks 1914–1916. Translated by G. E. M. Anscombe. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1993. Lecture on Ethics. In Philosophical Occasions, edited by James Klagge and Alfred Nordmann, 37–44. Indianapolis–Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
31232774

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_18290_rf237102_8
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