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2020 | 11 | 3 | 53-68

Article title

Epidemic and the Individual: Renaissance Understandings of the Plague in View of Modern Experiences

Content

Title variants

EN
Epidemic and the Individual: Renaissance Understandings of the Plague in View of Modern Experiences

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

PL
Epidemia a jednostka: renesansowe rozumienie plag z perspektywy nowoczesnych doświadczeń Epidemie są wyzwaniem dla indywidualizmu. Chociaż myślimy o chorobach w kategoriach osobistego cierpienia i wyborów, plagi od dawna dotykają wspólnot i społeczności. Epidemie zwracają perspektywę na zbiorowość, transcendencję i to, co zewnętrzne, a strach, terapia i opieka stają się bardziej uniwersalne niż indywidualne. Oto wnioski, które możemy wyciągnąć z teorii epidemii filozofów renesansu. Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499) udzielił „Rady przeciwko zarazie” (Consilio contro la pestilenzia), podkreślając harmonię ciała ze środowiskiem (powietrze i planety). Girolamo Fracastoro (1477–1553) stworzył pierwszy opis kiły (syfilisu) zarówno pod względem naukowym, jak i poetyckim (Syphilis sive de morbo gallico). Wymyślił nazwę dla tej dolegliwości. Postrzegał aktywność seksualną jako jedno z typowych zachowań międzyludzkich. Troska o zdrowie wymaga szacunku dla innych, a obwinianie innych (jak w przypadku „choroby francuskiej”) jest bezużyteczne. Jean Fernel (1497-1558) wezwał do ściśle medycznych badań epidemii, jednocześnie przyznając, że dane są niewystarczające, stąd tytuł jego książki De abditis rerum causis („Ukryte przyczyny”). W ten sposób wyjaśnił irracjonalne zachowanie populacji i niektórych uczonych. Zadaniem jest przeżycie w niepewności i powstrzymanie epidemii poprzez powstrzymanie nieznanego.
EN
Epidemics are a challenge to individualism. While we tend to think of illnesses in terms of personal suffering and choices, plagues affect communities and societies over long times. Epidemics turn the perspective to the collective, the transcendent, and the external, and fear, therapy and care become universal, rather than individual. These are the lessons we can gather from Renaissance philosophers’ theories of epidemics. Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499) gave “Advice against the pestilence” by emphasizing the harmony of body with the environment (air and the planets). Girolamo Fracastoro (1477–1553) produced the first description of “Syphilis,” both scientifically and poetically. He invented the name for that contagion. He saw sexual activity as one of the typical behaviors among fellow humans. Care for one’s health requires respect for the others; and blaming others (as in ‘French disease’) is useless. Jean Fernel (1497–1558) called for strictly medical research into epidemics; at the same time, he acknowledged the insufficiency of data; hence the title of his book De abditis rerum causis (“The hidden causes”). Thus, he explained the irrational behavior of populations and some scholars. The task is to live with uncertainty and to contain epidemics by containing the unknown.

Year

Volume

11

Issue

3

Pages

53-68

Physical description

Dates

published
2020-12-16

Contributors

  • Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore

References

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Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_18290_rkult20113-5
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