Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2016 | 19 | 4 | 81-99

Article title

Redefining Human Security The Case of Albania

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
This paper offers a critical study of the concept and issues of human security. Its usage, definition and applicability may differ since different authors explain issues related to security differently. Although there is still no common definition on what human security is, most authors agree that human security is related to individuals in terms of theirwellbeing. For too long, human security has been focused on the protection of state territory, regarded as the traditional perception of security. This kind of interpretation refers to a narrow security concept, not well constructed and incapable of addressing most of the important issues related to the security of the individual. The issue of security for a nation is quite different to the issue of security for individuals, because the first tends to protect the boundaries of the state where people live while the second aims to protect all human being from insecurities. Human security is a new challenge in today’s world; it presents new threats which are far away from the threats generated by the traditional concept of human security. The new concept of human security should be analysed in people’s daily lives, not in a country’s guns and weapons. To protect people’s lives means respecting all human rights prescribed in domestic law and international conventions; violating them means causing human insecurities and the failure of the state to fulfil its own responsibilities towards the law. Therefore, the protection and the welfare of the people should become first goal of the government. In cooperation with international organizations and NGOs, governments should find and promote appropriate policies to establish a political, economic and social security environment for all the people as citizens of that country.
PL
-

Keywords

Year

Volume

19

Issue

4

Pages

81-99

Physical description

Dates

published
2017-04-24

Contributors

  • University of Epoka Tirane, Albania, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Department of Political Science International Relations

References

  • Abazi E., A. Rakipi, Human Security in Albania with a Case Study on the Energy Crisis. Problems and Implications upon Human Security, Prepared for United Nation Development Programme in Albania, Albanian Institute for International Studies, Tirana 2004.
  • Bajpai K.P., Human Security: Concept and Measurement, Kroc Institute Occasional Paper, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 2000.
  • Barry J., The Politics of Actually Existing Unsustainability, Oxford University Press, New York 2012.
  • Bennett W., Community Security Handbook, Saferworld, London 2004.
  • Brauch H.G., U. Oswald, J. Grin, C. Mesjasz, P. Kameri-Mbote, N. Chadha Behera, B. Chourou, H. Krummenacher, Facing Global Environmental Change, Springer, Berlin 2009.
  • Challenges for Human Security Engineering, eds. Y. Yoshida, M. Matsuoka, Kyoto 2014.
  • Chitty E., The Commercial and General Lawyer; A Plain and Practical Ecpostion of the Law of England, London 1839.
  • Encounters with World Affairs. An Introduction to International Relations, ed. E. Kavalski, Ashgate, Farnham 2015.
  • Frerks G., B.K. Goldewijk, Human Security: Mapping the Challenges [in:] Human Security and International Insecurity, eds. G. Frerks, B.K. Goldewijk, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen 2007.
  • Futamura M., Ch. Hobson, N. Turner, Natural Disasters and Human Security United Nations University, April 29, 2011, http://unu.edu/publications/articles/natural-disasters-andhuman-security.html (accessed: October Monday, 2015).
  • Gadzama I.U., Effects of president Umaru Musa.Yar’Adua’s 7-Point Agenda On Agriculture Development and Food Security in Nigeria, “European Scientific Journal” 2013, Vol. 9, No. 32.
  • Global Governance. Critical Perspectives, eds. R. Wilkinson, S. Hughes, C.N. Murphy, Routledge, New York 2002.
  • Globalisation and Environmental Challenges. Reconceptualizing Security in 21st Century, eds. H.G. Brauch, Ú. Oswald Spring, C. Mesjasz, J. Grin, P. Dunay, N.C. Behera, B. Chourou, P. Kameri-Mbote, P.H. Liotta, Vol. 5, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 2008.
  • Handbook of Human Security, eds. M. Martin, T. Owen, Routledge, New York, London 2014.
  • Hide E., G. Kamberi, Security Policies in the Western Balkans: Albania, Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, Belgrade 2010.
  • Hroni E., G. Kamberi, B. Baka, Security Management Network. Policy, Democracy and Mediation, Centre For European and Security Affairs, Tirana 2011.
  • Hroni S., Human Security in Albania, Security and Management Sector, IDM, Tirana 2009.
  • Human Security and Philanthropy. Islamic Perspectives and Muslim Majority Country Practices, ed. S. Hasan, Springer, New York 2015.
  • Human Security in Nepal: Concepts, Issues and Challenges, eds. B.R. Upreti, R. Bhattarai, G.Sh. Wagle, NIPS and NCCR North-South, Kathmandu 2013.
  • Hussein K., D. Gnisci, J. Wanjiru, Security and Human Security: An Overview of Concepts and Initiatives. What Implicatons for West Africa?, Sahel and West Africa Club, Paris 2014.
  • Ibrahimi J., The Immunity of Human life in International Documents, “Advances in Environmental Biology” 2014, Vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 339–344.
  • IFIC/JICA, Poverty Reduction and Human Security, Institute for International Cooperation & Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo 2006.
  • Institute for Democracy and Mediation, Security Reforms Issues in Albania, Besnik Baka Tirana 2009.
  • International Labour Organization, Definitions: What we mean when we say “economic security”, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/ses/download/docs/definition.pdf.
  • International Relations in India: Bringing Theory Back Home, eds. K.P. Bajpai, S. Mallavarapu, Orient Longman, New Delhi 2005.
  • Johnson S.A., Challenges in Health and Development. From Global to Community Perspectives, Springer, London, New York 2011.
  • Krause K., Towards a Practical Human Security Agenda, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, “DCAF Policy Papersˮ 2007, No. 26.
  • Leaning J., S. Arie, Human Security: A Framework for Assessment In Conflict and Transition, Linking Complex Emergency Responde and Transition Initiative, USAID, 2000.
  • Metan T., Facing Human Security Challenges in the 21st Century, Langaa Research & Publishing Common Initiative Group, Bamenda 2014.
  • New Global Dangers. Changing Dimensions of International Security, eds. M.E. Brown, O.R. Cote Jr., S.M. Lynn-Jones, S.E. Miller, The MIT Press, Cambrigde 2004.
  • Njambi E., Women Level of Participation in Peace and Security in Northern Kenya, International Peace Support Training Centre Nairobi, Kenya 2014.
  • NPR, What A Downed Black Hawk in Somalia Taught America, October 5, 2013, http://www.npr.org/2013/10/05/229561805/what-a-downed-black-hawk-in-somalia-taught-america (accessed: July, 2015).
  • O'Neil J.T., N. Rees, UN Peacekeeping in the Post-Cold War Era, Routledge, New York 2005.
  • Owen T., Challenges and opportunities for defining and measuring human security, “Disarmament Forum” 2004, No. 2.
  • Panisset U.B., International Health Statecraft.Foreign Policy and Public Health in Peru’s Cholera Epidemic, Unniversity Press of America, New York/Oxford 2000.
  • Rather M.J., K. Jose, Human Security: Evolution and Conceptualization, “European Academic Research” 2014, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 6766–6797.
  • Raven-Roberts A., Human Security: A Gender Perspective, Hamshire College, Massachusetts 2001.
  • Tadjbakhsh S., A.M. Chenoy, Human Security, Concepts and Implications, Routledge, New York 2007.
  • Trafficking in Persons Report 2005, US Department of State, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/47255.pdf.
  • Trent E.J., Modernizing the United Nations System: Civil Society’s Role in Moving from International Relations to Global Governance, Barbara Budrich Publishers, Opladen 2007.
  • Uchendu C.C., R.O. Osim, F.N. Odigwe, Managing Entrepreneurship Education for Economic Security at University Level in Cross River State, “Journal of Educational and Social Research” 2012, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 261–266.
  • UNDP, Human Development Report, Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford 1994.
  • UN-Habitat, Enhancing Urban Safety and Security. Global Report on Human Settlements, Earthscan, London 2007.
  • Walpole P., In Search of Integrity: Looking after Basic Needs in the Forests, Forest Center Contribution to Millenium Development Goals, The Asia Forest Network Tagbilaran, n.d.
  • Zwitter A., Human Security, Law and Prevention of Terrorrism, Routledge, New York 2011.
  • Genocide in Rwanda, http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/genocide/genocide_in_ rwanda.htm.
  • http://www.ipls.org/services/kusht/contents.html, 1998.
  • Improving community security, http://www.saferworld.org.uk/what/community-security.
  • January 9th tragedy boat driver arrested, November 11, 2011, http://www.top-channel.tv/english/artikull.php?id= 3573.
  • Otranto tragedy commemorated in Vlore, March 28, 2012, http://top-channel.tv/english/artikull.php?id=5254.
  • Today is 4th anniversary of tragedy of Gerdec, March 15, 2012, http://www.kosovapress.com/archive/?cid=2,83,144425.
  • What is child labor? 2014, http://www.ilo.org/ipec/facts/lang--en/index.htm.
  • WHO, Trade, foreign policy, diplomacy and health, http://www.who.int/trade/en/.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_18778_1899-2226_19_4_06
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.