The mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between internal marketing and job performance: Application in Turkiye

• Authors: H. Mustafa Paksoy , Yakup Durmaz , Dilek Özbezek , Filiz Çopuroğlu

Abstracts

EN

Aim/purpose – The study aims to investigate the role of organizational commitment as a mediator between internal marketing and job performance. Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, data were collected from 239 personnel working in the textile sector in Turkiye’s Organized Industrial Zone. The data obtained from the participants through the survey method were examined by explanatory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation, and bootstrap regression analyses. Findings – The findings of the research clearly show that internal marketing practices have a significant impact on job performance. Internal marketing variable explained 52.24% of the change in organizational commitment. However, it has been revealed that organizational commitment has a partial mediating role in the relationship between internal marketing practices and job performance. Research implications/limitations – This study has limitations in taking samples from Turkiye, focusing on the textile industry, and using the convenience sampling method. Originality/value/contribution – These results strongly support the argument that internal marketing practices further increase job performance through organizational commitment.

Keywords

EN

internal marketing; organizational commitment; job performance

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
• Journal: Journal of Economics and Management
• Year: 2024
• Volume: 46
• Pages: 111-142

Dates

published

2024

Contributors

author

H. Mustafa Paksoy

• Gaziantep University, Turkey

author

Yakup Durmaz

• Gaziantep University, Turkey

author

Dilek Özbezek

• Gaziantep University, Turkey

author

Filiz Çopuroğlu

• Gaziantep University, Turkey

References

• Acar, N., Şeker, M., Bayram, A., & Acar, T. (2012). The effect of internal marketing on the performance of employee and the mediating role of organizational commitment (ATINER'S Conference Paper Series, No. BUS2012-0215). Athens Institute for Education and Research. https://www.academia.edu/7847192/The_Effect_of_Internal_Marketing_on_the_Performance_of_Employee_and_the_Mediating_Role_of_Organizational_Commitment
• Ahmed, P. K., Rafiq, M., & Saad, N. M. (2003). Internal marketing and the mediating role of organizational competencies. European Journal of Marketing, 37(9), 1221-1241. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560310486960
• Altaş, S. S., & Çekmecelioğlu, H. G. (2015). Örgütsel adalet algisinin iş tatmini, örgütsel bağlilik ve iş performansi üzerindeki etkileri: okul öncesi öğretmenleri üzerinde bir araştirma [The effects of organizational justice perception on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance: A research on pre school teachers]. Bartin University Journal of Faculty Economics and Administrative Sciences, 6(11), 421-439. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/30420
• Bagci, Z. (2013). The effect of employees' perceptions of organizational justice on their organizational commitment: A study in the textile industry. International Journal of Management Economics and Business, 9(19), 163-184.
• Banerjee, S., & Mehta, P. (2016). Determining the antecedents of job stress and their impact on job performance: A study among faculty members. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(2), 7-24. https://www.coursesidekick.com/management/40023
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
• Bayona, J. A., Caballer, A., & Peiró, J. M. (2020). The relationship between knowledge characteristics' fit and job satisfaction and job performance: The mediating role of work engagement. Sustainability, 12(6), 2336. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062336
• Bell, B. S., & Kozlowski, S. W. (2008). Active learning: Effects of core training design elements on self-regulatory processes, learning, and adaptability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2), 296.-316. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.296
• Bellaouaied, M., & Gam, A. (2011). Internal marketing as a new alternative for the service employees' performance: An empirical study. Communication and Marketing Journal, 11(2), 139-159. https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00706050/document
• Bennett, D. (2022). Remote workforce, virtual team tasks, and employee engagement tools in a real-time interoperable decentralized metaverse. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 10(1), 78-91. https://doi.org/10.22381/pihrm10120226
• Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. John Wiley and Sons.
• de Boer, B. J., van Hooft, E. A. J., & Bakker, A. B. (2015). Self-control at work: Its relationship with contextual performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(4), 406-421. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-08-2012-0237
• Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In N. Schmitt, W. C. Borman, and Assiociates (Eds.), Personnel selection in organizations (pp. 71-98). Jossey-Bass.
• Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human Performance, 10(2), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1002_3
• Brooks, R. F., Lings, I. N., & Botschen, M. A. (1999). Internal marketing and customer-driven wavefronts. Service Industries Journal, 19(4), 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069900000044
• De Bruin, L., Roberts-Lombard, M., & de Meyer-Heydenrych, C. (2020). Internal marketing, service quality and perceived customer satisfaction: An Islamic banking perspective. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(1), 199-224. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-09-2019-0185
• Campbell, J. P., & Wiernik, B. M. (2015). The modeling and assessment of work performance. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2(1), 47-74. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111427
• Candan, B., & Çekmecelioğlu, G. H. (2009). İçsel pazarlama faaliyetlerinin örgütsel bağlılığın ursurlari açısından değerlendirilmesi: bir araştırma [A research on the effect of internal marketing on dimensions of organizational commitment]. Istanbul Management Journal, 20(63), 41-58. https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/95351/icsel-pazarlama-faaliyetlerinin-orgutsel-baglilik-unsurlari-acisindan-degerlendirilmesi-bir-arastirma
• Chang, C.-S., & Chang, H.-H. (2007). Effects of internal marketing on nurse job satisfaction and organizational commitment: Example of medical centers in Southern Taiwan. Journal of Nursing Research, 15(4), 265-274. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jnr.0000387623.02931.a3
• Chang, C. S., & Chang, H. C. (2009). Perceptions of internal marketing and organizational commitment by nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(1), 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04844.x
• Chen, S.-Y., Wu, W.-C., Chang, C.-S., & Lin, C.-T. (2015). Job rotation and internal marketing for increased job satisfaction and organizational commitment in hospital nursing staff. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(3), 297-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12126
• Chiu, W., Cho, N.-H., & Won, D. (2014). The effects of internal marketing on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Taipei sports centers. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 24(2), 206-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2014.881609
• Chiu, W., Won, D., & Bae, J.-s. (2020). Internal marketing, organizational commitment, and job performance in sport and leisure services. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 10(2), 105-123. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-09-2018-0066
• Chow, C. W. C., Lai, J. Y. M., & Loi, R. (2015). Motivation of travel agents' customer service behavior and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of leader-member exchange and internal marketing orientation. Tourism Management, 48, 362-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.12.008
• Ciobanu, A., Androniceanu, A., & Lazaroiu, G. (2019). An integrated psycho-sociological perspective on public employees' motivation and performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(36), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00036
• Clarke, N. (2006). The relationships between network commitment, its antecedents and network performance. Management Decision, 44(9), 1183-1205. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740610707677
• Costen, W. M., & Salazar, J. (2011). The impact of training and development on employee job satisfaction, loyalty, and intent to stay in the lodging industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 10(3), 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2011.555734
• Çetin F., Basım, H. N., & Aydoğan, O. (2011). Örgütsel bağlılığın tükenmişlik ile ilişkisi: öğretmenler üzerine bir araştırma [The relationship between organizational commitment and burnout: A study on teachers]. The Journal of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute, 25, 61-70. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1724395
• Devonish, D., & Greenidge, D. (2010). The effect of organizational justice on contextual performance, counterproductive work behaviors, and task performance: Investigating the moderating role of ability-based emotional intelligence. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 18(1), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14682389.2010.00490.x
• Dilekçi, Ü., & Nartgün, S. Ş. (2020). Adaptive performance as a dimension of job performance: A theoretical framework. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 53(1), 301-328. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.560443
• Dzuranin, A., & Stuart, N. (2012). The effect of tangible and intangible noncash rewards on performance and satisfaction in a production setting. Management Accounting Quarterly, 13(4), 1-9. https://www.imanet.org/-/media/04104be3c92147bb922311642d7db41e.ashx
• Foreman, S. K., & Money, A. H. (1995). Internal marketing: Concepts, measurement and application. Journal of Marketing Management, 11(8), 755-768. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.1995.9964388
• Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 51(1), 115-134. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.115
• Frye, W. D., Kang, S., Huh, C., & Lee, M. J. M. (2020). What factors influence Generation Y's employee retention in the hospitality industry?: An internal marketing approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 85, 102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102352
• George, W. R. (1977). The retailing of services: A challenging future. Journal of Retailing, 53(3), 85-98.
• George, W. R. (1990). Internal marketing and organizational behavior: A partnership in developing customer-conscious employees at every level. Journal of Business Research, 20(1), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(90)90043-D
• Goodman, S. A., & Svyantek, D. J. (1999). Person-organization fit and contextual performance: Do shared values matter. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55(2), 254-275. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1682
• Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161-178. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092623
• Griffin, M. L., Hogan, N. L., Lambert, E. G., Tucker, G. A., & Baker, D. N. (2010). Job involvement, job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment and the burnout of correctional staff. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(2), 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809351682
• Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408-420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903310360
• Helvacı, M. A. (2002). The importance of performance appraisal in performance managament process. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 35(1-2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000066
• Hofmans, J., De Gieter, S., & Pepermans, R. (2013). Individual differences in the relationship between satisfaction with job rewards and job satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 82(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.06.007
• Huang, Y.-T. (2020). Internal marketing and internal customer: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. Journal of Relationship Marketing, 19(3), 165-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332667.2019.16648733
• Hwang, I.-S., & Chi, D.-J. (2005). Relationships among internal marketing, employee job satisfaction and international hotel performance: An empirical study. International Journal of Management, 22(2), 285-293. https://www.proquest.com/docview/233230828?sourcetype=Scholarly Journals
• Imani, S., Foroudi, P., Seyyedamiri, N., & Dehghani, N. (2020). Improving employees' performance through internal marketing and organizational learning: Mediating role of organizational innovation in an emerging market. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1762963
• İraz, R., & Akgün, Ö. (2014). Örgütsel bağliliğin çalişan performansi üzerine etkilerini ölçmeye yönelik bir çalişma [A study on the effects of the organizational commitment to the performance of employee]. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 14(1-2), 201-224. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/116718
• Jang, J., Lee, D. W., & Kwon, G. (2021). An analysis of the influence of organizational justice on organizational commitment. International Journal of Public Administration, 44(2), 146-154. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1672185
• Joo, B.-K.(B.) (2010). Organizational commitment for knowledge workers: The roles of perceived organizational learning culture. Leader-Member Exchange Quality and Turnover İntention, 21(1), 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20031
• Jung, H. S., Song, M. K., & Yoon, H. H. (2021). The effects of workplace loneliness on work engagement and organizational commitment: Moderating roles of leader-member exchange and co-worker exchange. Sustainability, 13(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020948
• Karim, M. R., Huda, K. N., & Khan, R. S. (2012). Significance of training and post training evaluation for employee effectiveness: An empirical study on Sainsbury's Supermarket Ltd, UK. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(18), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n18p141
• Khan, M. R., Ziauddin, Z., Jam, F. A., & Ramay, M. I. (2010). The impacts of organizational commitment on employee job performance. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15(3), 292-298.
• Kotler, P., Bowen, J. T., Makens, J., & Baloglu, S. (2017). Marketing for hospitality and tourism (6th ed.). Pearson Education.
• Kyriazopoulos, P., Spyridakos, A., Grigoroudis, E., Siskos, Y., & Yannacopoulos, D. (2007). The quality of e-services: Measuring satisfaction of internet customers. Operational Research, 7, 233-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02942389
• Li, L. X. (2000). An analysis of sources of competitiveness and performance of Chinese manufacturers. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 20(3), 299-315. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570010294307
• Magatef, S. G., & Momani, R. A. (2016). The impact of internal marketing on employees' performance in private Jordanian hospitals sector. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(3), 129-148. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n3p129
• Marmo, S., Pardasani, M., & Vincent, D. (2021). Social justice, organizational commitment and job satisfaction for palliative care social workers. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 45(3), 184-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2021.1875093
• Masterson, S. S., Lewis, K., Goldman, B. M., & Taylor, M. S. (2000). Integrating justice and social exchange: The differing effects of fair procedures and treatment on work relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 738-748. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1556364
• Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1984). Testing the "side-bet theory" of organizational commitment: Some methodological considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(3), 372-378. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.3.372
• Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538-551. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.4.538
• Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20-52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
• Mir, A., Mir, R., & Mosca, J. B. (2002). The new age employee: An exploration of changing employee-organization relations. Public Personnel Management, 31(2), 187-200. https://www.proquest.com/docview/215942544?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Scholarly Journals
• Mohammad, A. A. S., Alshura, M. S. K., Al-Hawary, S. I. S., Al-Syasneh, M. S., & Alhajri, T. M. S. (2020). The influence of internal marketing practices on the employees' intention to leave: A study of the private hospitals in Jordan. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(5), 1174-1189. http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/9776
• Moreira, M. N., Fernández, H. A., Alcívar, L. M. I., & Cruz, G. S. F. (2020). Influence of internal marketing dimensions on organizational commitment: An empirical application in ecuadorian co-operativism. Sage Open, 10(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020945712
• Muriuki, L., Maru, L., & Kosgei, D. (2016). Internal marketing strategy, employee performance, and organizational commitment in selected public universities in Nairobi County, Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(8), 91-107. http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2578/1/Muriuki Lydia.pdf
• Nemteanu, M.-S., & Dabija, D-C. (2021). The influence of internal marketing and job satisfaction on task performance and counterproductive work behavior in an emerging market during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3670. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073670
• Nemțeanu, M.-S., Dinu, V., Pop, R. A., & Dabija, D. C. (2022). Predicting job satisfaction and work engagement behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic: A conservation of resources theory approach. E+M Ekonomie a Management, 25(2), 23-40. https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-2-002
• Onukwube, H. N., & Iyagba, R. (2011). Construction professionals job performance and characteristics: A comparison of indigenous and expatriate construction companies in Nigeria. Construction Economics and Building, 11(2), 71-83. https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v11i2.1817
• Örücü, E., & Sezen Kışlalıoğlu, R. (2014). Örgütsel bağlılık üzerine bir alan çalışması [A field study on organizational commitment]. International Journal of Management Economics and Business, 10(22), 45-65. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1145885
• Pantouvakis, A. (2012). Internal marketing and the moderating role of employees: An exploratory study. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 23(2), 177-195, https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2012.647846
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effect in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717-731. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206553
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
• Preacher, K. J., & Kelley, K. (2011). Effect size measures for mediation models: Quantitative strategies for communicating indirect effects. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022658
• Qaisar, F. S., & Muhamad, N. (2021). Internal marketing: A review and future research agenda. Asia Pacific Business Review, 27(2), 267-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2021.1858590
• Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Örgütsel davraniş, [Organizational behaviour] (İ. Erdem, H. E. Erdost Çolak, İ. Özalp Türetgen, G. Başbuğ, M. Tüz, G. Ordun, F. Ayanoğlu Şişman, & A. Yalçin Trans.). Nobel Akademik Yayincilik. https://www.nobelyayin.com/orgutsel-davranis-organizational-behavior-3309.html
• Reutter, K. K., & Bigatti, S. M. (2014). Religiosity and spirituality as resiliency resources: Moderation, mediation, or moderated mediation? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 53(1), 56-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12081
• Sarker, A. R., & Ashrafi, D. M. (2018). The relationship between internal marketing and employee job satisfaction: A study from retail shops in Bangladesh. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 12(3), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/V12IS03/ART-13
• Siders, M. A., George, G., & Dharwadkar, R. (2001). The relationship of internal and external commitment foci to objective job performance measures. Academy of Management Journal, 44(3), 570-579. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228761607_The_Relationship_of_Internal_and_External_Commitment_Foci_to_Objective_Job_Performance_Measures
• Songur, A., & Karataş, N. (2020). Içsel pazarlama uygulamalarinin örgütsel bağliliğa etkisi: bankacilik sektöründe bir uygulama [The effect of internal marketing practices on organizational commitment: A research]. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences, 20(2), 439-467. https://doi.org/10.11616/basbed.vi.640941
• Tansuhaj, P., Randall, D., & McCullough, J. (1991). Applying the internal marketing concept within large organizations: As applied to a credit union. Journal of Professional Services Marketing, 6(2), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1300/J090v06n02_14
• Temoçin, N., Durmaz, İ. B. V., & Eyel, C. S. (2021). İşveren markasi algisinin örgütsel bağlilik üzerindeki etkisi: özel bir havayolu şirketinde bir uygulama [Investigating the effect of employer brand perception on organizational commitment in a private airline company]. Dogus University Journal, 22(1), 39-55. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/doujournal/issue/66684/1043204
• Ting, S.-C. (2011). The effect of internal marketing on organizational commitment: Job involvement and job satisfaction as mediators. Educational Administration Quarterly, 47(2), 353-382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X10387589
• Tuncay, A. (2018). İçsel pazarlamanin örgütsel bağliliğa etkisi [The effect of internal marketing on organizational commitment]. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(4), 1287-1303. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1009346
• Tuncay, A. (2018). İçsel pazarlamanin örgütsel bağliliğa etkisi [The effect of internal marketing on organizational commitment]. Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 23(4), 1287-1303. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sduiibfd/issue/53002/704893
• Van Urk, C. (2015). A uniform syntax for phrasal movement: A case study of Dinka Bor (Doctoral dissertation, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/101595
• Uyanik, S., & Çelikel, D. C. (2019). General situation of Turkish textile industry. Journal of Technical Sciences, 9(1), 32-41.
• Uygun, M., & Akin, P. D. (2017). İçsel pazarlama uygulamalarının hizmet çalışanlarının müşteri ve iç girişimcilik yönlü davranışlar geliştirmelerindeki rolü [The role of internal marketing practices in developing customer and intrapreneurship-oriented behaviors of service employees]. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 13(13), 836-853. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1124117
• Weber, J. M. (2015). The development of a scale for the measurement of internal marketing in service firms. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 19(2), 145-158. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/AMSJ_VOLUME19_ISSUE2.pdf
• Weiers, R. (2008). Introduction to business statistics (7th ed.) South Western Cenage Learning. https://statisticsfeunpad.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/businessstatistics.pdf
• Wiener, Y. (1982). Commitment in organizations: A normative view. Academy of Management Review, 7(3), 418-428. https://doi.org/10.2307/257334
• Wiener, Y., & Vardi, Y. (1980). Relationships between job, organization, and career commitments and work outcomes - an integrative approach. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 26(1), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/00305073(80)90048-3
• Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(2), 121-141. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.14.2.121
• Yeniçeri, T., Kurt, P., & Akgül, V. (2020). İçsel pazarlama uygulamalarinin örgütsel bağliliğa etkisinde iş tatmininin araci rolü: bankacilik sektöründe bir araştirma [The role of business satisfaction in the effect of internal marketing practices on organizational commitment: A research on the banking sector]. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(1), 476-501. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i1.1357
• Yildiz, K. (2013). Örgütsel bağlilik ile örgütsel sinizm ve örgütsel muhalefet arasindaki ilişki [The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational cynicism and organizational dissent]. Electronic Turkish Studies, 8(6), 853-879. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.4544
• Yıldız, M. A. (2016). Serial multiple mediation of general belongingness and life satisfaction in the relationship between attachment and loneliness in adolescents. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 16, 553-578. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1101208.pdf
• Yılman, Ü., & Çam, F. B. (2020). İçsel pazarlama faaliyetleri ile satış gücünün performansı arasındaki ilişki: Altın mücevherat sektörü üzerine bir araştırma [The effect of internal marketing activities on the sales force performance]. Journal of Economy Business and Management, 4(2), 223-246. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/952635
• Yüce, A. & Kavak, O. (2017). İçsel pazarlama faaliyetlerinin örgütsel bağlılık ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi: bir araştırma [The effect of internal marketing activities on organizational commitment and turnover intention: A research]. Balkan and Near Eastern Journal of Social. Sciences, 3, 79-96. https://ibaness.org/bnejss/2017_03_03/08_Yuce_and_Kavak.pdf
• Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197-206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257

Identifiers

DOI

10.22367/jem.2024.46.05

Biblioteka Nauki

31339788