Cadmium, mercury and lead in the blood of urban women in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, China, Ecuador and Morocco

• Authors: Natalia Pawlas , Ulf Strömberg , Bo Carlberg , Milena Cerna , Florencia Harari , Raúl Harari , Milena Horvat , Frantiska Hruba , Kvetoslava Koppova , Andrea Krskova , Mladen Krsnik , Yu-Feng Li , Lina Löfmark , Thomas Lundh , Nils-Göran Lundström , Badiaâ Lyoussi , Iwona Markiewicz-Górka , Darja Mazej , Josko Osredkar , Krystyna Pawlas , Gerda Rentschler , Vera Spevackova , Zdravko Spiric , Janja S. Tratnik , Draženka Vadla , Soumia Zizi , Staffan Skerfving , Ingvar A. Bergdahl

Abstracts

EN

Objectives: The aim of the study was to make an international comparison of blood levels of cadmium (B-Cd), lead (BPb) and mercury (B-Hg) of women in seven European, and three non-European cities, and to identify determinants. Materials and Methods: About 50 women (age: 46–62) from each city were recruited (totally 480) in 2006–2009. Interview and questionnaire data were obtained. Blood samples were analysed in one laboratory to avoid interlaboratory variation. Results: Between the European cities, the B-Pb and B-Cd results vary little (range of geometric means: 13.5–27.0 μg/l and 0.25–0.65 μg/l, respectively); the variation of B-Hg was larger (0.40–1.38 μg/l). Between the non-European cities the results for B-Pb, B-Cd and B-Hg were 19.2–68.0, 0.39–0.99 and 1.01–2.73 μg/l, respectively. Smoking was a statistically signifi cant determinant for B-Cd, while fi sh and shellfi sh intakes contributed to B-Hg and B-Pb, amalgam fi llings also contributed to B-Hg. Conclusions: The present results confi rm the previous results from children; the exposure to lead and cadmium varies only little between different European cities suggesting that other factors than the living area are more important. The study also confi rms the previous fi ndings of higher cadmium and lead levels in some non-European cities. The geographical variation for mercury is signifi cant.

Keywords

EN

cadmium; mercury; lead; blood; urban women; european cities; non-european cities

• Publisher: Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
• Journal: International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 26
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 58-72

Dates

published

2013

Contributors

author

Natalia Pawlas

• Department of Chemical Hazards and Genetic Toxicology, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland

author

Ulf Strömberg

• Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

author

Bo Carlberg

• Division of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

author

Milena Cerna

• Department of General Hygiene, Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic

author

Florencia Harari

• Institute for the Development of Production and Work Environment, Quito, Ecuador

author

Raúl Harari

• Institute for the Development of Production and Work Environment, Quito, Ecuador

author

Milena Horvat

• Department of Environmental Sciences, Institut Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia

author

Frantiska Hruba

• Department of Health Informatics and Biostatistics, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia

author

Kvetoslava Koppova

• Department of Environmental Health, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia

author

Andrea Krskova

• Environmental and Population Health Monitoring, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic Headquarters

author

Mladen Krsnik

• Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

author

Yu-Feng Li

• Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

author

Lina Löfmark

• Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

author

Thomas Lundh

• Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

author

Nils-Göran Lundström

• Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

author

Badiaâ Lyoussi

• Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, University of Fez, Fez Atlas, Morocco

author

Iwona Markiewicz-Górka

• Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland

author

Darja Mazej

• Department of Environmental Sciences, Institut Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia

author

Josko Osredkar

• Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

author

Krystyna Pawlas

• Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
• Laboratory of Audiology and Noise, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland

author

Gerda Rentschler

• Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

author

Vera Spevackova

• Environmental and Population Health Monitoring, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic Headquarters

author

Zdravko Spiric

• Oikon Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia

author

Janja S. Tratnik

• Department of Environmental Sciences, Institut Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia

author

Draženka Vadla

• Oikon Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia

author

Soumia Zizi

• Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, University of Fez, Fez Atlas, Morocco

author

Staffan Skerfving

• Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

author

Ingvar A. Bergdahl

• Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/S13382-013-0071-9

Biblioteka Nauki

2179791