Energy Drink Use Disorder – a Review of the Literature

• Authors: Krystian Cholewa , Katarzyna Czarnek , Anna Grzywacz , Jolanta Masiak

Abstracts

EN

Energy drinks (EDs) are non-alcoholic, caffeine-rich drinks (>15mg/100ml), also containing other psychoactive substances, e.g. taurine. Currently, the ICD 11 and DSM 5 classifications do not specify any “Energy drink use disorder.” The purpose of this article is to review the research to date on disordered use and addiction to energy drinks. In the review, we also present an overview of contemporary concepts of the classification position of the disordered use/dependent pattern of use of Energy drinks. The results of a study by Holubcikova et al. showed that men are twice as likely to consume energy drinks as women. In a survey of young adults and adolescents in Poland, 67% of the interviewed group (n=29629) used Eds, of which 17% on a regular basis.

Keywords

EN

Caffeine; substance use disorders; taurine; toxicity; personality traits

• Publisher: Polska Akademia Nauk
• Journal: Teka Komisji Prawniczej
• Year: 2023
• Volume: 16
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 21-31

Dates

published

2023

Contributors

author

Krystian Cholewa

• Medical University of Lublin, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000000213101615

author

Katarzyna Czarnek

• The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000000270815526

author

Anna Grzywacz

• Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland

• https://orcid.org/000000022633520X

author

Jolanta Masiak

• Medical University of Lublin, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000000151275838

References

• Addicott, Merideth A. 2014. “Caffeine Use Disorder: A Review of the Evidence and Future Implications.” Current Addiction Reports 1 (3):186-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-014-0024-9
• Arria, Amelia M., Brittany A. Bugbee, Kimberly M. Caldeira, et al. 2014. “Evidence and knowledge gaps for the association between energy drink use and high-risk behaviors among adolescents and young adults.” Nutrition Reviews 72 (suppl_1):87-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12129
• Bae, Eun Ju, Eun Bi Kim, Bo Ram Choi, et al. 2019. “The Relationships between Addiction to Highly Caffeinated Drinks, Burnout, and Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder.” Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 30 (4):153-60. https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.190015
• Binder, Jens-Hinrich, LL.M., and Christos V. Gortsos. 2015. The European Banking Union: A Compendium. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509909568
• Bleakley, Amy, Morgan E. Ellithorpe, Amy B. Jordan, et al. 2022. “A Content Analysis of Sports and Energy Drink Advertising.” Appetite 174 (July): 106010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2022.106010
• Calabrò, Rocco S., Antonino Naro, and Placido Bramanti. 2016. “Chapter 72 – Caffeine and Taurine and Energy Drink Abuse.” In Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse, edited by Victor R. Preedy, 723-32. San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800634-4.00072-X
• Curran, Christine P., and Cecile A. Marczinski. 2017. “Taurine, Caffeine, and Energy Drinks: Reviewing the Risks to the Adolescent Brain.” Birth Defects Research 109 (20):1640-648. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1177
• Devaud, L. L., F. D. Smith, D. R. Grayson, et al. 1995. “Chronic Ethanol Consumption Differentially Alters the Expression of Gamma-Aminobutyric AcidA Receptor Subunit MRNAs in Rat Cerebral Cortex: Competitive, Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis.” Molecular Pharmacology 48 (5):861-68.
• Generali, Joyce A. 2013. “Energy Drinks: Food, Dietary Supplement, or Drug?” Hospital Pharmacy 48 (1):5-9. https://doi.org/10.1310/hpj4801-5
• Grant, Jon E., and Samuel R. Chamberlain. 2016. “Expanding the Definition of Addiction: DSM-5 vs. ICD-11.” CNS Spectrums 21 (4):300-303. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852916000183
• Hamilton, Hayley A., Angela Boak, Gabriela Ilie, et al. 2013. “Energy Drink Consumption and Associations With Demographic Characteristics, Drug Use and Injury Among Adolescents.” Canadian Journal of Public Health 104 (7):e496-501. https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.104.3998
• Holubcikova, Jana, Peter Kolacky, Andrea Madarasova Geckova, et al. 2017. “Regular Energy Drink Consumption Is Associated with the Risk of Health and Behavioural Problems in Adolescents.” European Journal of Pediatrics 176 (5):599-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-017-2881-4
• Howard, Meagan A., and Cecile A. Marczinski. 2010. “Acute Effects of a Glucose Energy Drink on Behavioral Control.” Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 18 (6):553-61. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021740
• Jiménez, Sergio L., Javier Díaz-Lara, Helios Pareja-Galeano, et al. 2021. “Caffeinated Drinks and Physical Performance in Sport: A Systematic Review.” Nutrients 13 (9):2944. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092944
• Kemps, Eva, Marika Tiggemann, Mikaela Cibich, et al. 2019. “Cognitive bias modification for energy drink cues.” PLOS ONE 14 (12):e0226387. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226387
• Kumar, Sandeep, Rebekah L. Fleming, A. Leslie Morrow. 2004. “Ethanol Regulation of γ-Aminobutyric AcidA Receptors: Genomic and Nongenomic Mechanisms.” Pharmacology & Therapeutics 101 (3):211-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.12.001
• Kristjansson, Alfgeir L., Inga D. Sigfusdottir, Stephanie S. Frost, et al. 2013. “Adolescent Caffeine Consumption and Self-Reported Violence and Conduct Disorder.” J Youth Adolescence 42:1053-1062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9917-5
• Marinoni, Michela, Maria Parpinel, Alessio Gasparini, et al. 2022. “Risky Behaviors, Substance Use, and Other Lifestyle Correlates of Energy Drink Consumption in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.” European Journal of Pediatrics 181 (4):1307-319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04322-6
• Masiak, Jolanta, Marcin Maciejewski, Brian Wallace, et al. 2016. “Addictions. Substance Addictions vs. Behavioural Addictions.” Archives of Physiotherapy and Global Researches 20 (1):11-15. https://doi.org/10.15442/apgr.20.2.8
• Myers, J. Patrick, David A. Johnson, and Devon E. McVey. 1999. “Caffeine in the modulation of brain function.” In Caffeine and Behavior. CRC Press.
• Nadeem, Ibrahim M., Ajaykumar Shanmugaraj, Seaher Sakha, et al. 2021. “Energy Drinks and Their Adverse Health Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 13 (3):265-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120949181
• Nowak, Dariusz, and Artur Jasionowski. 2015. “Analysis of the Consumption of Caffeinated Energy Drinks among Polish Adolescents.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12 (7):7910-921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120707910
• Nuss, Tegan, Belinda Morley, Maree Scully, et al. 2021. “Energy Drink Consumption among Australian Adolescents Associated with a Cluster of Unhealthy Dietary Behaviours and Short Sleep Duration.” Nutrition Journal 20 (1):64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-021-00719-z
• Ochoa-de la Paz, Lenin, Edgar Zenteno, Rosario Gulias-Cañizo, et al. 2019. “Taurine and GABA neurotransmitter receptors, a relationship with therapeutic potential?”Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 19 (4):289-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2019.1593827
• Park, Woong-Sub, Sunu Park, and Sang-A. Kim. 2016. “Correlation between High-Caffeine Energy Drink Intake and Mental Health in High School Students.” Journal of the Korean Society of School Health 29 (3):132-39. https://doi.org/10.15434/kssh.2016.29.3.132
• Potenza, Marc N. 2006. “Should Addictive Disorders Include Non-Substance-Related Conditions?” Addiction 101 (1):142-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01591.x
• Reissig, Chad J., Eric C. Strain, and Roland R. Griffiths. 2009. “Caffeinated Energy Drinks--a Growing Problem.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 99 (1–3):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.08.001
• Rossi, Silvia, Valentina De Chiara, Alessandra Musella, et al. 2010. “Effects of Caffeine on Striatal Neurotransmission: Focus on Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors.” Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 54 (4):525-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200900237
• Seifert, et al. 2011. “Health Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.” Pediatrics 127 (3):511-28.
• Schroeder, Werner. 2016. “Age Restrictions on the Sale of Energy Drinks from an EU Law Perspective.” European Food and Feed Law Review (EFFL) 11:400.
• Snipes, Daniel J., and Eric G. Benotsch. 2013. “High-Risk Cocktails and High-Risk Sex: Examining the Relation between Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink Consumption, Sexual Behavior, and Drug Use in College Students.” Addictive Behaviors 38 (1):1418-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.07.011
• Takayama, Mio, Brian Waters, Kenji Hara, et al. 2016. “An Autopsy Case of Caffeine Intoxication Related by Energy Drink.” Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi = Japanese Journal of Alcohol Studies & Drug Dependence 51 (3):228-33.
• Toblin, Robin L., Amanda L. Adrian, Charles W. Hoge, et al. 2018. “Energy Drink Use in U.S. Service Members After Deployment: Associations With Mental Health Problems, Aggression, and Fatigue.” Military Medicine 183 (11-12):e364-70. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy205
• Tóth, Ákos, Rita Soós, Etelka Szovák, et al. 2020. “Energy Drink Consumption, Depression, and Salutogenic Sense of Coherence Among Adolescents and Young Adults.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17 (4):E1290.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041290
• Trapp, Georgina S. A., Karina L. Allen, Therese O’Sullivan, et al. 2014. “Energy Drink Consumption among Young Australian Adults: Associations with Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 134 (1):30-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.006
• Yamamoto, Takuma, Katsuhiko Yoshizawa, Shin-Ichi Kubo, et al. 2015. “Autopsy Report for a Caffeine Intoxication Case and Review of the Current Literature.” Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 28 (1):33-36. https://doi.org/10.1293/tox.2014-0044
• Zucconi, Silvia, Chiara Volpato, Felice Adinolfi, et al. 2013. “Gathering Consumption Data on Specific Consumer Groups of Energy Drinks.” EFSA Supporting Publications 10 (3):394E. https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2013.EN-394

Identifiers

DOI

10.32084/tkp.5425

Biblioteka Nauki

55928862