Tellers and Experiencers in Autobiographical Narratives: Focalization in “Peeling the Onion” by Günter Grass and “The Liars’ Club” by Mary Karr

• Authors: Zuzana Fonioková

Title variants

PL

„Ja” opowiadające i „ja” przeżywające w narracjach autobiograficznych – fokalizacja w „Przy obieraniu cebuli” Güntera Grassa i „The Liars’ Club” Mary Karr

• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

This article examines the narrative point of view in two autobiographical texts, pointing out the diverse effects the narratives achieve by means of different focalization strategies. After a short explication of the split between the narrator and protagonist in life stories, I look at focalization techniques in Günter Grass’s Peeling the Onion (2006), where the perception of the present self continuously interferes in the depiction of the past. The superior knowledge available to the narrator at the time of narration leads to an interpretation of the depicted events that the experiencing self could not provide. I argue that although the book calls attention to the constructive nature of memory and narrative that necessarily affects retrospective accounts of the past, it also states its preference for the lens of the present by employing focalization through the narrating I. I subsequently contrast Grass’s text and its narrative strategies with Mary Karr’s childhood memoir The Liars’ Club (1995) and demonstrate how this narrative attains its realistic effect by engaging the child protagonist as the predominant focalizer. By shifting focalization between the narrating I and the experiencing I, involving either the suspension or application of the narrator’s current knowledge, Karr manipulates readers’ engagement with the narrative, such as their empathy and moral judgement. Furthermore, the text communicates a sense of identity and continuity between the experiencer and the teller, which stands in sharp contrast to the emphasis Grass’s narrative puts on the distance between these two positions. Finally, I briefly address the challenges presented by recent conceptions of identity construction to the distinction between the narrating I and the experiencing I, suggesting that these narratological concepts retain their relevance to discussions of autobiographical texts as literary works rather than stages of self-creation.

Keywords

EN

autobiography; perspective; focalization; Grass; Karr

PL

autobiografia; punkt widzenia; fokalizacja; Grass; Karr

• Publisher: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
• Journal: Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo
• Year: 2018
• Issue: 8(11) cz.1
• Pages: 113-128

Dates

published

2019-06-28

Contributors

author

Zuzana Fonioková

• Uniwersytet Masaryka w Brnie

Identifiers

DOI

10.32798/pflit.59