Sociodemographic determinants of self-management in elderly patients with chronic diseases

• Authors: Anna Mirczak

Title variants

PL

Społeczno-demograficzne uwarunkowania samozarządzania chorobą przewlekłą w grupie osób starszych

Abstracts

EN

Self-management in chronic disease is a process in which individuals actively engage in health-promoting activities and seek to control their disease in an informed way based on learned knowledge and skills concerning therapy. The skills of self-management in chronic disease primarily include having the relevant knowledge and the ability to identify and monitor the disease symptoms, adopting an active attitude to and being fully engaged in the therapeutic process, adapting to the disease and coping with its consequences, and feeling confident in interactions with healthcare professionals. This paper seeks to identify the socio-demographic determinants of self-management in a group of elderly patients from Poland suffering from chronic diseases. The study included a group of 400 respondents (N = 400) aged 65 years and over who had been diagnosed with a chronic condition. An original questionnaire was used as a research tool along with the CATI (computer-assisted telephone interview) research method. The respondents believed they had a relatively high level of knowledge of the disease they had been diagnosed with and were skilled to effectively recognize the preliminary symptoms; they were also able to understand the information conveyed by healthcare professionals during appointments. The socio-demographic variables that were found to have a significant impact on the process of self-management in chronic disease in the study population of elderly patients included the level of education, the declared level of knowledge of the disease, financial situation, and marital status.

PL

Samozarządzanie chorobą przewlekłą to proces, w którym człowiek, bazując na wiedzy i umiejętnościach zdobytych podczas edukacji terapeutycznej, podejmuje aktywność wzmacniającą zdrowie oraz sprawuje świadomą kontrolę nad swoją chorobą. Umiejętności wchodzące w zakres samodzielnego zarządzania chorobą przewlekłą to przede wszystkim: dysponowanie adekwatną wiedzą, rozpoznawanie i monitorowanie objawów choroby, aktywna postawa i pełne zaangażowanie w proces terapeutyczny, adaptacja do choroby i radzenie sobie z jej konsekwencjami oraz poczucie pewności siebie w interakcjach z personelem opieki zdrowotnej. Celem pracy była ocena społeczno-demograficznych uwarunkowań procesu samoopieki (self-management) w grupie badanych osób starszych w Polsce chorujących przewlekle. Badanie przeprowadzone zostało na grupie 400 przewlekle chorych respondentów (N = 400) w wieku 65 i więcej lat przy użyciu metody badawczej CATI (wspomaganego komputerowo wywiadu telefonicznego). Narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Badani ocenili relatywnie wysoko swoją wiedzę dotyczącą choroby oraz pierwszych objawów, a także rozumieli informacje przekazywane im podczas wizyty lekarskiej. Argumentację związaną z autorytetem lekarza potwierdziły wyniki pytania 5,9 oraz 10 – mimo iż ponad połowa respondentów przyznała, że leczenie zostało im narzucone przez lekarza, nie  kwestionowali zaleceń lekarskich, jak i zasad zdrowego stylu życia. Krytyczne podejście seniorów potwierdziły natomiast wyniki pytania 6 oraz 8. Wśród zmiennych społeczno-demograficznych znacząco wpływających na proces samozarządzania chorobą przewlekłą w grupie badanych seniorów były: poziom wykształcenia, deklarowany stan posiadanej wiedzy o chorobie, sytuacja materialna oraz stan cywilny.

Keywords

PL

samozarządzanie chorobą przewlekłą; samoopieka; osoby starsze; choroby przewlekłe

EN

self-management of chronic diseases; self-care; elderly; chronic diseases

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
• Journal: Szkoła - Zawód - Praca
• Year: 2024
• Issue: 28
• Pages: 192-206

Dates

published

2024

Contributors

author

Anna Mirczak

• University of the National Education Commission in Kraków

• https://orcid.org/0000000269051362

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Identifiers

DOI

10.34767/SZP.2024.02.12

Biblioteka Nauki

62051813