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Kokaina – charakterystyka i uzależnienie

100%
Girczys-Połedniok K., Pudlo R., Jarząb M., Szymlak A.
Medycyna Pracy
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2016
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vol. 67
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issue 4
537-544
EN
Cocaine use leads to health, social and legal problems. The aim of this paper is to discuss cocaine action, addicts characteristics, use patterns and consequences, as well as addiction treatment methods. A literature review was based on the Medline, PubMed, Polish Medical Bibliography databases and the Silesian Library resources. The Police and Central Statistical Office statistics, as well as the World Health Organization, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and the National Office for Combating Drug Addiction reports were used. Cocaine leads to mood improvement, appetite decrease, physical and intellectual activity enhancement, euphoria, inflated self-esteem, social networking ease and increased sexual desire. Cocaine hydrochloride is mainly used intranasaly, but also as intravenous and subcutaneous injections. Cocaine use and first addiction treatment fall in later age compared to other psychoactive substances. There is a high men to women ratio among addicts. There is a relationship between cocaine addiction, the presence of other disorders and genetic predisposition to addiction development. Polish reports indicate higher popularity of cocaine among people with a high economic and social status. Although Poland is a country with the low percentage of cocaine use, its popularity is growing. The consequences of cocaine use concern somatic and mental health problems, socioeconomic and legal conditions. The drug plays a role in crimes and traffic accidents. Because of the risks associated with cocaine use, it has been listed in a register of drugs attached to the Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction. Addiction treatment includes psychological, pharmacological and harm reduction strategies. Med Pr 2016;67(4):537–544
PL
Używanie kokainy niesie konsekwencje zdrowotne, społeczne i prawne. Celem publikacji jest omówienie działania kokainy, charakterystyki osób używających, schematów i konsekwencji uzależnienia oraz metod leczenia. Przeglądu literatury dokonano, używając baz bibliograficznych Medline, PubMed i Polskiej Bibliografii Lekarskiej oraz zasobów Biblioteki Śląskiej. Korzystano również ze statystyk policji i Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz raportów Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (World Health Organization), Europejskiego Centrum Monitorowania Narkotyków i Narkomanii (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction) oraz polskiego Krajowego Biura ds. Przeciwdziałania Narkomanii. Kokaina powoduje poprawę samopoczucia, zmniejszenie łaknienia, wzrost aktywności fizycznej i intelektualnej, euforię, zawyżoną samoocenę, łatwość nawiązywania kontaktów i nasilenie popędu seksualnego. Chlorowodorek kokainy stosuje się głównie donosowo, ale także w postaci wstrzyknięć dożylnych i podskórnych. Pierwsze zażycie kokainy i pierwsze leczenie odwykowe przypadają w późniejszym wieku niż w przypadku pozostałych nielegalnych substancji psychoaktywnych. Wśród osób uzależnionych od kokainy znacząco przeważają mężczyźni. Stwierdzono związek kokainizmu z obecnością innych zaburzeń psychicznych i somatycznych oraz genetyczną predyspozycję do rozwoju uzależnienia. Polskie doniesienia wskazują na większe rozpowszechnienie tego narkotyku wśród osób o wysokim statusie ekonomicznym i społecznym. Mimo że Polska należy do krajów o niskim odsetku stosowania kokainy, jej popularność rośnie. Konsekwencje używania kokainy dotyczą zdrowia somatycznego i psychicznego oraz warunków socjalnych, społeczno- ekonomicznych i prawnych. Używanie kokainy niejednokrotnie było przyczyną przestępstw i wypadków komunikacyjnych. Z uwagi na zagrożenia związane ze stosowaniem kokainy została ona umieszczona w wykazie środków odurzających w Ustawie o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii. Leczenie uzależnienia obejmuje terapię psychologiczną i farmakologiczną oraz strategię redukcji szkód. Med. Pr. 2016;67(4):537–544
2
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Bezsenność u pracowników zmianowych huty cynku

88%
Pasierb N., Filipczyk K., Kunert Ł., Piegza M., Pudlo R.
Medycyna Pracy
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2019
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vol. 70
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issue 5
611-616
EN
Background The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of insomnia among the employees of a zinc smelter in Miasteczko Śląskie using the Athens Insomnia Scale. Material and Methods The examined group of plant employees and the control group were asked to fill in a questionnaire composed of the AIS and questions relating to the place and nature of their work, accidents over the last year, medications, diseases and conditions, sleep, naps and sleepiness during the day. Results The result leading to a diagnosis of insomnia as indicated by the AIS was found in significantly more instances in the test group than in the control group (29.5% vs. 8.4%). While comparing the test subgroup, which was not employed in shift-work, with the control group did not result in a statistically significant difference, slightly more respondents from the day-work test subgroup obtained the result of ≥ 8 pts. Conclusions The prevalence of insomnia assessed by means of the AIS in the group of employees of a zinc smelter is significantly higher than in the control group. Based on the AIS, the highest percentage of individuals with insomnia occurred in the subgroup employed in shift-work. Med Pr. 2019;70(5):611–6
PL
Wstęp Celem badania była ocena za pomocą Ateńskiej skali bezsenności (ASB) częstości występowania bezsenności u pracowników huty cynku w Miasteczku Śląskim. Materiał i metody Osoby z grupy badanej (pracownicy huty) i kontrolnej poproszono o wypełnienie kwestionariusza złożonego z ASB oraz odpowiedź na pytania dotyczące miejsca i charakteru pracy, wypadków w pracy w ciągu ostatniego roku, przyjmowanych leków, chorób i dolegliwości, snu, drzemek i senności w ciągu dnia. Wyniki Wynik pozwalający rozpoznać bezsenność w grupie badanej uzyskało istotnie więcej osób niż w grupie kontrolnej (29,5% vs 8,4%). Porównując podgrupę badaną, która nie pracowała zmianowo, z grupą kontrolną, nie stwierdzono istotnej statystycznie różnicy, chociaż więcej respondentów z niezmianowej podgrupy badanej uzyskało wynik ≥ 8 pkt. Wnioski U pracowników huty cynku częstość występowania bezsenności ocenianej za pomocą ASB jest istotnie wyższa niż w grupie kontrolnej. Na podstawie ASB największy odsetek osób z bezsennością wystąpił w podgrupie zmianowych pracowników grupy badanej. Med. Pr. 2019;70(5):611–616
3
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Is it good to be resilient during the COVID‑19 period? The role of ego-resiliency in the intensity of symptoms of anxiety, alcohol use and aggression among Polish people

88%
Dębski P., Florek S., Piegza M., Pudlo R., Gorczyca P.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2021
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vol. 34
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issue 2
289-300
EN
ObjectivesThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected the development of negative phenomena such as anxiety symptoms, a tendency to use alcohol and aggressive behaviors. It is postulated to investigate the factors limiting the development of the indicated adverse effects. One of the psychological resources that may have a significant, pro-health character in relation to mental functioning is ego-resiliency (ER). It is described as a personality trait associated with a high ability to adequately regulate self-control, depending on the conditions. There are studies providing information about the prohealth, adaptive nature of ER during the COVID‑19 period. The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between ER and anxiety, the tendency to use alcohol and aggression in the group of Polish people in the initial lockdown period in Poland.Material and MethodsOverall, 538 adult Polish people participated in the study. The Ego-Resiliency Scale referred to as ER89-R12, according to Block’s concept, was used to measure ER. The other scales used were the General Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, the multiple regression procedure, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis rank ANOVA. Cronbach’s α coefficients were also assessed.ResultsStatistically significant negative relationships between ER and the severity of anxiety symptoms and generalized aggression were found. There was a weak positive relationship between ER and the tendency to use alcohol. Among the surveyed Polish people, higher ER was characteristic of the older respondents (aged >29 years) and people with higher education.ConclusionsEgo-resiliency in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can counteract the development of anxiety and aggression. Optimal regulation seems to play an important role in this relationship. The relationship between resiliency and the tendency to use alcohol requires further observation.
4
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Professional and social activity of patients after heart transplant

76%
Marcinkowska U., Kukowka K., Gałeczka M., Pudlo R., Zakliczyński M., Zembala M.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2015
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vol. 28
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issue 4
741-749
EN
Objectives The aim of the study is to describe both professional and social activities of patients after heart transplant. Material and Methods Ninety-five heart transplant patients treated at the Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze were surveyed, comprising 29 women (30.5%) and 66 men (69.5%). The average age of respondents was 54.3 years old (standard deviation (SD) = 15 years); the average period that had elapsed since the heart transplant was 7.1 years (SD = 4 years). We designed a questionnaire as a tool for collecting information from patients. Results Twenty-five percent of patients worked at the time of completion of the questionnaire. Eighty percent of those patients were working before and after the transplant, 20% – only after transplantation (p < 0.05). A different job position at a new workplace had 47.8% of patients, 34.8% of them had the same job position at the same work place as they had had before, 63.4% of the heart transplant respondents were pensioners. Eighty-two percent of patients had a certificate with a designated degree of disability – among them: 69% had a certificate for a significant degree of disability, 22% – for a moderate degree of disability. Among those surveyed, 52.5% said that their financial situation had not changed whereas 34.5% of those surveyed reported a change for the worse. Thirty-seven percent of respondents reported changes in family relationships. Seventy-seven percent reported that they received help from family members, as compared with 19% who did not. Conclusions Only 25.3% of the patients treated at the Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases after heart transplant are employed and it is one of the lowest employment rates in this category of patients in Europe. One third of working patients have the same work place as they had before their operation. Heart transplant is a cause of changes in family relationships. Most often family bonds are strengthened but sometimes family members become nervous, impatient and unwilling to talk about the transplant.
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