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Próby i skuteczne samobójstwa w polskim systemie penitencjarnym w latach 2010-2013 - wybrane charakterystyki penitencjarne

100%
Lizińczyk S.
Profilaktyka Społeczna i Resocjalizacja
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2014
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vol. 23
19-48
PL
Prewencja suicydalna osadzonych, realizowana jest we wszystkich jednostkach penitencjarnych kraju. Instrukcja w sprawie zapobiegania samobójstwom osób pozbawionych wolności, wprowadziła 3-stopniowy model oddziaływań: profilaktyka presuicydalna I rzędu (dla wszystkich osadzonych), II rzędu (dla osadzonych z wysokim ryzykiem suicydalnym) oraz profilaktyka postsuicydalna (dla osadzonych po próbie samobójczej). Działania te wymagają koordynacji i sprawnej komunikacji wielu pionów służby więziennej. Przedmiotem badań opisanych w artykule jest charakterystyka samobójstw w izolacji w latach 2010–2013. Analiza danych z grupy osadzonych podejmujących próby (N=75) oraz osadzonych którzy dokonali samobójstwa (N=77), w zakresie wskaźników dotyczących ryzyka suicydalnego, pozwoliła oszacować szereg istotnych różnić międzygrupowych. Zidentyfikowano czynniki socjodemograficzne, charakterystyki penitencjarne oraz czasowość badanych zdarzeń. Uzyskane rezultaty dostarczają danych mogących mieć zastosowanie w doskonaleniu metod prewencji suicydalnej w więziennictwie.
EN
Suicide prevention schemes are implemented among prisoners across all penitentiary institutions in Poland. The instruction on the prevention of suicide among detained individuals has introduced a 3-stage interaction model, based on 1st-oder pre-suicide prevention (for all prisoners), 2nd order prevention (for the detained with a high suicide risk), and 3rd order, post-suicidal prevention (for prisoners who have attempted suicide). Such actions require coordination and effective communication between various divisions of penitentiary services. The study in question aims at presenting an overview of suicides committed by prisoners, between 2010 and 2013. Following the analysis of data derived from the group of those who attempted (N=75) and those who actually committed suicide (N=77), carried out according to suicide risk indicators, we were able to estimate a number of significant inter-group differences; we have identified relevant socio-demographic factors, drawn up penitentiary characteristics and defined timeframes of suicidal incidents. The findings include the data which may be further used to improve suicide prevention methods applied in prison environment.
2
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Characteristics of suicides committed in Polish prisons, 2015–2019

100%
Lizińczyk S.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2020
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issue XLII/2
313-336
PL
 In the activities carried out towards prisoners, concern for their safety is the key role in the implemented system of pre-suicidal prevention. The manuscript describes a list of risk factors identified in the literature that may be important in the correct estimation of the suicide risk assessment. Therefore, the preventive procedures developed in the polish prison system, are focused on monitoring and early identification of suicidal risk factors for inmates. Diagnosis and classification of inmates to the risk group triggers a series of preventive actions taken in prison. Their implementation contributes to limiting the occurrence of the phenomenon of suicides in penitentiary isolation. The subject of the research described in the manuscript is the characteristics of successful suicides in isolation in 2015–2019. The analysis of data from the group of suicides (N = 114) in terms of suicidal risk indicators allowed to identify many aspects of the suicidal process in penitentiary isolation in Poland. Many presented variables were estimated, including temporality of the phenomenon, selected penitentiary characteristics of suicides and data on responsibility for the occurrence of the event. The obtained results provide useful data that may be used to improve the diagnosis system and early identification of prisoners at risk of suicide. W oddziaływaniach prowadzonych wobec osób pozbawionych wolności, troska o ich bezpieczeństwo jest kluczową rolą w systemie prewencji presuicydalnej. W artykule opisano listę czynników ryzyka zidentyfikowanych w literaturze, które mogą mieć znaczenie dla prawidłowego oszacowania oceny ryzyka samobójstwa. Procedury prewencji samobójczej opracowane w polskim systemie więziennictwa koncentrują się na monitorowaniu i wczesnej identyfikacji czynników ryzyka samobójstwa osadzonych. Diagnoza i kwalifikacja osadzonego do grupy ryzyka, powoduje podjęcie w zakładzie karnym szeregu działań zapobiegawczych ukierunkowanych na ochronę ich życia. Ich realizacja przyczynia się do ograniczenia zjawiska samobójstw w izolacji penitencjarnej. Przedmiotem badań opisanych w pracy jest charakterystyka udanych samobójstw w izolacji w latach 2015–2019. Analiza danych z grupy samobójców (N = 114) pod kątem wskaźników ryzyka samobójstwa pozwoliła na zidentyfikowanie wielu aspektów procesu samobójczego w izolacji penitencjarnej w Polsce. Oszacowano wiele cech charakterystycznych (zmiennych) dla skutecznych samobójstw w polskich więzieniach, w tym czasowość zjawiska, wybrane cechy penitencjarne samobójstw oraz dane dotyczące odpowiedzialności za zajście zdarzenia. Uzyskane wyniki dostarczają użytecznych danych, które mogą posłużyć do usprawnienia systemu diagnostycznego i wczesnej identyfikacji skazanych zagrożonych samobójstwem.
EN
 In the activities carried out towards prisoners, concern for their safety is the key role in the implemented system of pre-suicidal prevention. The manuscript describes a list of risk factors identified in the literature that may be important in the correct estimation of the suicide risk assessment. Therefore, the preventive procedures developed in the polish prison system, are focused on monitoring and early identification of suicidal risk factors for inmates. Diagnosis and classification of inmates to the risk group triggers a series of preventive actions taken in prison. Their implementation contributes to limiting the occurrence of the phenomenon of suicides in penitentiary isolation. The subject of the research described in the manuscript is the characteristics of successful suicides in isolation in 2015–2019. The analysis of data from the group of suicides (N = 114) in terms of suicidal risk indicators allowed to identify many aspects of the suicidal process in penitentiary isolation in Poland. Many presented variables were estimated, including temporality of the phenomenon, selected penitentiary characteristics of suicides and data on responsibility for the occurrence of the event. The obtained results provide useful data that may be used to improve the diagnosis system and early identification of prisoners at risk of suicide.
3
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Years of service, self-efficacy, stress and burnout among Polish firefighters

51%
Makara-Studzińska M., Wajda Z., Lizińczyk S.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2020
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vol. 33
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issue 3
283-297
EN
ObjectivesThe aim of the research was to analyze the impact of selected factors: years of service, the number of interventions, self-efficacy and stress, on occupational burnout. It was hypothesized that firefighters with more years of service and a bigger number of interventions would be characterized by higher perceived stress and burnout, and that self-efficacy would have an impact on reducing the level of perceived stress and burnout.Material and MethodsThe participants were firefighters (N = 576) from 12 Polish voivodeships, aged 20–58 years, with different seniority: up to 3, 4–8, 9–15 or >15 years of service. The following research tools were used: the Link Burnout Questionnaire, the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, and an independent questionnaire to gather additional information. A correlation between particular variables was carried out; the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed together with a post-hoc analysis to examine differences in the severity of individual variables depending on seniority, followed by a path analysis studied together with the identification of direct and indirect impacts.ResultsThe number of interventions did not affect the severity of experienced stress or any of the aspects of burnout. Work experience directly influenced the level of perceived stress (β = 0.219), disillusion (β = 0.076), and relationship deterioration (β = –0.156). The generalized sense of self-efficacy was found to impact both on reducing the sense of stress (β = –0.418) and on all 4 aspects of professional burnout: psychophysical exhaustion (β = –0.181), relationship deterioration (β = –0.16), the sense of professional inefficacy (β = –0.275) and disillusion (β = –0.143).ConclusionsThe results have shown that: 1) the number of interventions does not affect the severity of experienced stress or particular aspects of burnout; 2) years of service increase the severity of experienced stress and occupational burnout; 3) self-efficacy has an impact both on reducing the sense of stress and on all aspects of burnout.
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