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Úvodem k hudebním alternativám v „normalizačním“ Československu

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Vaněk M.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
|
2011
|
issue 3
305-309
EN
In his introduction to the following block of articles, Miroslav Vaněk presents the grant-funded project of which they are a result, ‘Pop Music Alternatives in Czechoslovakia in the Period of Normalization’. He explains the basic terms used, and provides a survey of the research on the history of this topic. The fi ve articles published in this issue of Soudobé dějiny aim to illustrate, from various angles and using various examples, the complexity of the co-existence and clashes between various kinds of rock or alternative music and the subculture linked with it, on the one hand, and the Czechoslovak Communist régime and society in the twenty years from 1970 to 1989, called the period of ‘normalization’, on the other.
2
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Słuchać, poszukiwać, rozumieć. Nie tylko o dialogu interdyscyplinarnym i oral history.

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Vaněk M.
Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej
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2017
|
vol. 7
103-117
EN
The author, from the perspective of a contemporary history researcher, indicates the potential common foundations, but also the differences in using the oral history method in an interdisciplinary perspective. Based on practical experience, he concludes that the assumptions of oral history and other disciplines for which research material is a conversation are very similar. The difference between the particular fields lies in specific methods. This article is a reflection on certain current oral history problems. The author's starting point is the current situation, where on the one hand there is an increasing interest in oral history, because of a human need for stories, but on the other hand, people are losing their ability to tell stories or listen to them intently more and more every day. On this occasion, he introduces the issue of the speed of life in today's times, striving for simplicity and conciseness in the context of a narrative relationship. The author continues to deal with some methodological issues that have not been given special attention to in the past. This is particularly true about the problem of subjectivity, memory and its role in the construction of biographical narratives, the issue of social and political context (both past and present) in which interviews are carried out. In the end, the author indicates how the study of oral history helps to learn and understand not only the past but also the present. In fact, this is the great strength of this method, in this aspect it is an inspiration for researchers in other fields of social sciences, for which conversation is the basic source.
PL
Autor z perspektywy badacza historii współczesnej wskazuje nie tylko potencjalne wspólne podstawy, lecz także różnice w wykorzystywaniu metody oral history w perspektywie interdyscyplinarnej. Na podstawie praktycznego doświadczenia dochodzi do wniosku, że założenia oral history i innych dyscyplin, dla których materiał badawczy stanowią rozmowy, są bardzo podobne. Różnica między poszczególnymi dziedzinami leży w konkretnych metodach. Artykuł jest refleksją nad pewnymi aktualnymi problemami oral history. Punktem wyjścia autora jest obecna sytuacja, kiedy to z jednej strony wzrasta zainteresowanie oral history, bo przecież ludzie potrzebują opowieści, a z drugiej strony z każdym dniem coraz bardziej tracą zdolność opowiadania historii życia czy ich chętnego słuchania. Przy tej okazji wprowadza kwestię „zabiegania” w dzisiejszych czasach, dążenia do uproszczenia i skrótu w kontekście relacji narracyjnej. Dalej zajmuje się pewnymi kwestiami metodologicznymi, którym w przeszłości nie poświęcano szczególnej uwagi. Chodzi tu szczególnie o problem subiektywności, pamięci i jej roli w konstruowaniu narracji biograficznych czy  kwestię kontekstu społecznego i politycznego (zarówno przeszłego, jak i współczesnego), w którym realizowane są wywiady. W zakończeniu wskazuje, w jaki sposób badaniom oral history pomaga poznanie i zrozumienie nie tylko przeszłości, lecz także współczesności. W tym właśnie bowiem tkwi wielka siła tej metody, która jest inspiracją dla badaczy innych dziedzin nauk społecznych, dla których podstawowym źródłem jest rozmowa.
3
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Není invaze jako invaze. Import „východního“ rocku do Československa v 70. letech a jeho limity

100%
Vaněk M.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
|
2011
|
issue 3
330-345
EN
The author discusses the Czechoslovak reception of Polish, Hungarian, and East German rock music in the 1970s. He argues that after the crushing of the Pra- gue Spring of 1968 the briskly developing Czechoslovak rock scene was hard hit by state-imposed restrictions, which also limited opportunities to listen to rock music from the West. The vacuum was partly fi lled by East European music groups that had been gaining in popularity in Czechoslovakia since the 1970s. During the ‘normalization’ period their record albums could be purchased in the Polish, Hungarian, and East German cultural centres in Prague and Bratislava. Moreover, rock fans in Czechoslovak towns could from time to time also enjoy live concerts by their favourite musicians from the ‘fraternal’ states. In particular, Czesław Niemen and the Polish group SBB, the Hungarian groups Omega and Locomotiv GT, and the East German group Die Puhdys enjoyed popularity here. But their performances sometimes also ran up against the incomprehension and obstruction of the authorities, which the author illustrates with the example of the Locomotiv GT concert at the Lucerna, Prague, in September 1973. According to the offi cial assessment, this concert was inconsistent with ‘socialist entertain- ment’, and it became the impetus for further restrictions on concerts by local rock groups and visits by sought-after East-bloc groups. According to the author, the situation in Czechoslovakia was in this sense more rigid than, for example, in Poland or Hungary.
4
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Czeska oral history w perspektywie globalnej. Podobieństwa i różnice

100%
Vaněk M.
Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej
|
2013
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vol. 3
161-173
EN
The article aims to highlight the specific route of Czech oral history in comparison with developed countries, where oral history has been an age-old tradition. Czech oral history, same as oral history in other so called post-communist countries, did not experience that with oral history in 1960s and 1970s, oral history was totally unknown in the then Czechoslovakia (as well as in other countries of the so called socialist block). In the Czech Republic, oral history was used in the mid-1990s for the first time; but it took much more time before it stopped being ignored and criticized. Boom of oral history started in the end of 1990s, same like in South America or South Africa, and of course at the post-communist countries.  An increased interest in oral history, however, also brings along some problems and risks related with this new trend. I will examine some cases of journalistic work which passes itself off as oral history and which is often ideologically motivated. Mastering the method and a good knowledge of the historical context are, in my opinion, essential requirements for a valid historical interpretation, and lack of these can be crucial.
PL
The article aims to highlight the specific route of Czech oral history in comparison with developed countries, where oral history has been an age-old tradition. Czech oral history, same as oral history in other so called post-communist countries, did not experience that with oral history in 1960s and 1970s, oral history was totally unknown in the then Czechoslovakia (as well as in other countries of the so called socialist block). In the Czech Republic, oral history was used in the mid-1990s for the first time; but it took much more time before it stopped being ignored and criticized. Boom of oral history started in the end of 1990s, same like in South America or South Africa, and of course at the post-communist countries. An increased interest in oral history, however, also brings along some problems and risks related with this new trend. I will examine some cases of journalistic work which passes itself off as oral history and which is often ideologically motivated. Mastering the method and a good knowledge of the historical context are, in my opinion, essential requirements for a valid historical interpretation, and lack of these can be crucial.
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