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Dziennik Henia. Życie społeczne i kontakty międzyetniczne na Wileńszczyźnie w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym w dziecięcym dokumencie osobistym

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Jakimowicz M.
Wrocławskie Studia Wschodnie
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2017
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vol. 21
213-234
RU
Темой статьи является общественная жизнь и межэтнические контакты на терри­тории северной Виленщины в тридцатые годы XX в. Источник анализа — дневник 1935–1936 гг., написанный подростком, учеником гимназии в Деречине. В тексте представлено исследование, основанное на личных документах. Показана культурная специфика Виленщины в межвоенный период и характер содержания днев­ника гимназиста, с особенным учетом описаний общественно-культурной жизни виль­нюсского городка. Статья содержит анализ отрывков дневника, в которых описываются межэтнические отношения и картина «других» — белорусской и еврейской обществен­ности северной Виленщины в межвоенный период.
EN
The article is devoted to social life and ethic relations in the northern part of the Vilnius Region in the 1930s. The analysis is based on a diary kept in 1935–1936 by a teenage boy, a secondary school student from Dereczyn. In the article the author discusses the nature of his research based on personal documents, the cultural specificity of the Vilnius Region in the inter-war period and the nature of the diary contents, particularly descriptions of social and cultural life in the town. She also analyses fragments of the diary featuring descriptions of interethnic relations and the image of the “others” — the Belarusian and Jewish communities in the northern Vilnius Region in the inter-war period.
2
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Trauma świadka, trauma ofiary? Holokaust i antypolska akcja w pamięci osób urodzonych w Galicji Wschodniej

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Jakimowicz M.
Etnografia. Praktyki, Teorie, Doświadczenia
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2018
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issue 4
191-210
EN
The article aims to show the trauma bystanders as well as the trauma victims of the World War 2. Based on the examples taken from field research conducted in Poland and Ukraine, the author presents various aspects of wartime trauma and its effects. Biographical narratives of people born in the 1930s in Eastern Galicia describe the trauma bystanders of Holocaust as well as the trauma victims of Massacres of Poles in Eastern Galicia carried out by Ukrainian nationalists in 1943–1945.
3
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Irena Mrówczyńska Z Kowla przez Syberię na Dolny Śląsk... Dorastanie na zsyłce

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Jakimowicz M.
Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej
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2013
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vol. 3
225-265
EN
In the latter half of 1941, over 100,000 Polish children lived in an area extending from Arkhangelsk to Nakhodka Bay; in the Altai Krai and the Soviet Socialist Republics of Central Asia. Among them there were a growing number of orphans in exile. There is no detailed information concerning the fate of these Polish orphans, who were placed into Soviet instructional and educational institutions, so-called “diet domy”. Most of the institutions taking in Polish children treated them as Soviet citizens but did not report this fact to any Polish institutions responsible for their care and wellbeing. Moreover, given their ‘Soviet’ status, the orphans had neither the right nor the occasion to contact the Polish embassy in Kujbiszew or any of its representatives. And for the younger children, their stay in these so-called “diet domy” usually resulted in instant Russification and Sovietisation. Irena Mrówczyńska’s account describes her childhood memories of pre-war Kowel, the children in exile in Siberia who were taken from summer camps in June 1941 and about post-war times in Jawor, a small town in Lower Silesia. Her story is exceptional because she grew up in exile. She was taken from school without her parents’ consent, put into the Soviet “diet dom” in Bojarka along with other children, before later being sent to the Polish Orphanage and Disabled People’s Home in Bolszoj Konstantinovce, where she spent 6 years. A twist of fate enabled her to contact the Polish embassy in Kujbiszew and report that there were other children in the Polish Orphanage and Disabled People’s Home that had also been “taken” from the summer camps in 1941. This account describes how traumatic the “kidnapping of children from the summer camps” was, resulting in the then 10-year-old girl being sent to the Soviet children’s home and the subsequent indoctrination of Sovietisation that thereafter influenced the rest of her life.
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Pomiędzy swojskością a obcością. Inni na terenie międzywojennej Galicji Wschodniej w narracjach biograficznych

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Jakimowicz M.
Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej
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2022
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vol. 12
74-96
EN
Based on biographical interviews with people with Polish roots, born in the Second Polish Republic, this article discusses constructing the image of the Others in interwar Eastern Galicia. Focusing on interethnic relations, it also describes the socio-cultural specificity of this area and presents it as a cultural borderland. Referring to these narratives, this article demonstrates the processes that affect the duality of how the Others – Jews and Ukrainians – have been remembered in Eastern Galicia.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia problematykę wizerunku Innych i stosunków międzyetnicznych w między wojennej Galicji Wschodniej. Materiałem badawczym są narracje biograficzne osób o polskich korzeniach, urodzonych w II RP, dziś obywateli polskich i ukraińskich. W tekście zarysowano także charakter społeczno-kulturowy tego pogranicza kulturowego. Na przykładzie narracji do tyczących Żydów i Ukraińców przedstawiono w tekście procesy wpływające na dwoistość pamięci rozmówców o Innych na obszarze Galicji Wschodniej.
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Mazurzy na Podolu Wschodnim: pamięć, tożsamość i dziedzictwo

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Jakimowicz M.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2017
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issue 49
EN
Masurians in the East Podolia: Memory, Identity and HeritageThe theme of this article is specific identity and memory of the Polish population in the selected villages of Khmelnytskyi Raion of Ukraine, with the second most numerous Polish population in Ukraine. The specificity of this Polish population results from a long habitation in the same territory. From the moment they arrived on Podolia until their deportations to Kazakhstan and Siberia in the 1930s, this group did not migrate at all. The article is based on research conducted in three the so-called “Masurian” villages. The inhabitants of these areas are defined as Masurians – they are descendants of Polish peasants who settled therein the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The text shows the identity of the ethnic community of “Masurian” villages and the memory of their Polish peasant roots. Hundreds years of living together in one region and endogamy rules in force since the Second World War have contributed to the fact that these local communities have preserved memory of their Polish and peasant origin, as well as their specific dialect and religion. Mazurzy na Podolu Wschodnim: pamięć, tożsamość i dziedzictwoTematem artykułu jest specyfika tożsamości i pamięci ludności polskiej w wybranych wsiach obwodu chmielnickiego na Ukrainie, który jest drugim co do liczebności polskiej ludności obwodem Ukrainy. Specyfika ludności polskiej na terenie prawobrzeżnej Ukrainy opiera się na jej długim trwaniu na jednym terytorium. Od chwili przybycia na teren Podola aż do momentu zsyłek do Kazachstanu i na Syberię w latach 30. XX wieku tej grupy nie dotykały ruchy migracyjne. Artykuł opiera się na badaniach prowadzonych w trzech wsiach zwanych „mazurskimi”: Hreczanach, Szaraweczce i Maćkowcach. Ludność zamieszkująca te tereny określa się mianem Mazurów – potomków polskich chłopów, osadników z XVII i XVIII wieku. W tekście przedstawiono charakter tożsamości ludności wsi mazurskich, pamięć wspólnotową dotyczącą polskich i zarazem chłopskich korzeni grupy. Kilkusetletnie życie w jednym regionie, jak i obowiązująca do czasów II wojny światowej zasada endogamii spowodowały, że wspólnoty wsi mazurskich zachowały pamięć o swoim polskim i zarazem chłopskim pochodzeniu, gwarę i wyznanie.
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