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EN
The paper is a review of more important Polish works on a language mistake, in a broad sense of the term. These polemical works are part of a discussion of the definition of a language mistake and try to identify the most appropriate term (terminological polemic) in order to determine it as well as to list its types and causes. The problem of a language mistake has been discussed and examined for a long time. For over thirty years, various authors have been explaining the sources of language mistakes. However, these researchers have been unanimous in their attitude towards the fact that this phenomenon is interdisciplinary and that it goes beyond the linguistics itself. These mistakes have also been examined in psychology (e. g. Freudian mistakes); from these mistakes much information on human beings has been drawn. It is necessary to distinguish between a mistake which is made in one's mother tongue and the one made by a foreigner in a foreign language. Thus, there are different norms to be taken into account: a different norm is applied for a native user of a language and for a person who is at a certain stage of learning a foreign language (a glottodidactic norm, a glottodidactic mistake). Moreover, it seems indispensable that these mistakes should be taken advantage of in the process of teaching since they may hold the clue to the efficient working both for the teacher and for the student. Therefore, these mistakes do not result from a lack of willingness to learn only. They are necessary as they seem to be the element of skills practice. One that does not practice (does not make mistakes), will acquire no skills.
PL
Radosław Kaleta - Warszawa
PL
Niniejszy, 22 tom „Kształcenia Polonistycznego Cudzoziemców”, noszący tytuł „Błąd glottodydaktyczny”, jest wielogłosową narracją współczesnych glottodydaktyków na temat ich rozumienia błędów popełnianych w trakcie nauki języka obcego, w szczególności jpjo, przez obie strony procesu – ucznia i nauczyciela. „Bohater” tego tomu – błąd glottodydaktyczny – nie jest więc już jedynie błędem uczniowskim. Lapsologia glottodydaktyczna jako dyscyplina badająca różnorodne błędy, które pojawiają się wtedy, gdy przebiega proces nauczania-uczenia się, znacznie rozszerzyła dziś swój zakres, stając się punktem obserwacyjnym procesów błędotwórczych, które mogą zachodzić w fazie przygotowania do lekcji, w czasie lekcji i w fazie oceny (ewaluacji) i dotyczyć obu stron procesu. Zwrócenie uwagi na błędy nauczycielskie jest niewątpliwie związane z wyzwaniami, jakie stwarza prowadzenie specjalizacji i studiów podyplomowych z zakresu nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego i drugiego.
PL
Artykuł wpisuje się w nurt glottodydaktyki porównawczej i dotyczy polsko-białourskiej i białorusko-polskiej laspologii. W artykule zostały zaprezentowane błędy analogiczne w języku polskim i białoruskim, czyli błędy dotyczące analogicznych kwestii językowych, które sprawiają trudność Białorusinom uczącym się języka polskiego oraz Polakom chcącym opanować język białoruski. W artykule zarysowano także możliwe podobne pola badawcze, m.in. analizę porównawczą dotyczącą kształcenia i pracy lektorów języka polskiego i języka białoruskiego.
EN
The article examines the problem of errors typical of both Belarusian and Polish from the point of view of comparative didactics of foreign language teaching. The article presents the idea of the so-called analogy errors in both Belarusian and Polish, which may be further defined as errors pertaining to similar language aspects and which may be problematic for both Belarusians learning Polish and Poles learning Belarusian. A list of potential areas of related research has been proposed as well, including a comparative analysis of both training and teaching practice of teachers of Belarusian and Polish.
EN
The paper is a review of more important phonetic errors of Belarusians who learn Polish language both in Poland (Warszawa) and Belarus (Minsk). The paper shows types of phonetic errors and explains that they do not result from a lack of willingness to learn only. They are necessary as they seem to be the element of skills practice. It is necessary to distinguish between an error which is made in one's mother tongue and the one made by a foreigner in a foreign language. Thus, there are different norms to be taken into account: a different norm is applied for a native user of a language and for a person who is at a certain stage of learning a foreign language. Moreover, it seems indispensable that these errors should be taken advantage of in the process of teaching since they may hold the clue to the efficient working both for the teacher and for the student.
EN
The paper is a review of homonymy (in a broad sense of the term) in two Slavic languages: Polish and Belarusian. Different types of homonyms were described and compared. At the beginningof the article one can find many different Polish and Belarusian definitions of homonymy. The examples of homonyms were taken from dictionaries, books and films. The analysis showsthat homonyms in two Slavic languages are very similar but very strong difference one can find inaccent.
EN
This paper shows the project of the Polish-Multilingual dictionary of False Friends of a Trans-lator. Such kind of a dictionary has never been made before. It is the first project of a dictionary of this type, including numerous examples from 14 languages. Some Polish-Belarusian interlingual homonyms have been described in detail in the article.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono typologię błędów dwujęzycznej (rosyjsko-polskiej) dziewczynki, popełnianych głównie w języku polskim, choć także rosyjskim. W typologii uwzględniono błędy interferencyjne (z drugiego języka ojczystego/macierzystego) oraz błędy spowodowane nieopanowaniem (z różnych przyczyn) systemu zarówno języka polskiego, jak i rosyjskiego. Analiza wykazała pewne analogie lapsologiczne w porównaniu z błędami cudzoziemskimi oraz szereg analogii międzyjęzykowych polsko-rosyjskich.
EN
The article presents a typology of errors made by a bilingual (Russian-Polish) girl, mostly in Polish, but also in Russian. The typology is divided into interference errors (from the second mother tongue) and errors caused by insufficient knowledge of the language system (caused by various reasons) both in Polish and Russian. Lapsological analysis showed some analogies with errors made by foreigners as well as Polish-Russian interlingual analogies.
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