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Maternal waterpipe smoke exposure and the risk of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood: A post hoc analysis

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Waked M., Salameh P.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2015

vol. 28

issue 1

147-156

Introduction This analysis was conducted with the objective of evaluating association between waterpipe passive smoking exposure and asthma, and allergies among Lebanese children. Material and methods Data were taken from a crosssectional study on children from public and private schools. A sample of 22 schools participated in the study, where standardized written core questionnaires were distributed. From 5 to 12-year-old students filled in the questionnaires at home, while 13–14-year-old students filled it in in the class. In total, 5522 children were evaluated for the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema, and their associated factors, including waterpipe exposure due to parents’ smoking. Results The descriptive results of parental smoking were, as follows: among mothers: 1609 (29%) mothers smoked cigarettes, 385 (7%) smoked waterpipe and 98 (1.8%) smoked both; among fathers: 2449 (44.2%) smoked cigarettes, 573 (10.3%) smoked waterpipe and 197 (3.5%) smoked both. Maternal waterpipe smoking was significantly and moderately associated with allergic diseases (p < 0.001; ORa = 1.71), including probable asthma, rhinitis and dermatitis (p < 0.001 for all). Quite on the opposite, father’s waterpipe smoking was not associated with any of the diseases. Parental cigarette smoking demonstrated some positive effects: father’s cigarette smoking did not show association with dermatitis or asthma diagnosed by a physician, while mother’s cigarette smoking showed a positive association only with probable asthma. Moreover, no interactions between cigarette and waterpipe smoking were observed. Conclusions Maternal waterpipe smoking should be regarded as a high risk behavior; however, additional studies are necessary to confirm this finding.

Validation of the respiratory toxics exposure score (RTES) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening

81%

Salameh P., Khayat G., Waked M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2011

vol. 24

issue 4

339-347

Objective: Our aim is to evaluate the validity of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and of a newly-created score as markers of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Materials and Methods: The CO level was measured in a derivation subsample of a cross-sectional study and linked to COPD diagnosis; its predictors were evaluated, and a scale was constructed. It was evaluated in a validation subsample and in a clinical setting. Results: Individuals with COPD had higher CO levels than healthy individuals. CO level signifi cant predictors were cigarettes per day, waterpipes per week, lower age, male gender, living close to diesel exhaust, heating home with the use of diesel, and having indoor family smokers. A score composed of CO predictors was able to signifi cantly predict COPD (Ora = 4–7.5). Conclusions: Coupled with the clinical judgment of physicians, this scale would be an excellent low-cost tool for screening COPD, in absence of spirometry.

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2 International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2 Salameh P.

2 Waked M.

1 Khayat G.

1 2015

1 2011

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Maternal waterpipe smoke exposure and the risk of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood: A post hoc analysis

Validation of the respiratory toxics exposure score (RTES) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening