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Od nezištné kulturní výměny k prosazování národních zájmů. Koncepční proměny zahraniční kulturní politiky SRN a česko(slovensko)-německé kulturní vztahy

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Baštová P.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
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2014
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issue 1-2
134-166
EN
This article analyses and assesses changes in the basic principles and priorities of the cultural diplomacy of the Federal Republic of Germany from the post-war period to the present. It does so by comparing three central documents related to general conceptions, from 1977, 2000, and 2011, and considering them into the broader context of German political and social developments. The article seeks to explain what these changes say about the overall development of German foreign policy and German society, its perceptions of itself, and coming to terms with its complicated past. The interpretation of the individual conceptions is accompanied by a brief outline and an assessment of their consequences or the development of Czech(oslovak)-German cultural relations. The article draws on approaches taken in political science, while considering the topic from the position of an historian. It can reasonably be said to be part of the trend sometimes called ‘modern’ or ‘new’ political history. In her analysis, the author seeks to demonstrate that the principles which were promoted in West German cultural diplomacy during the 1960s and 1970s (namely, an expanded conception of culture, culture as ‘something for everyone’, and emphasis on equal mutual exchange), were to a considerable extent till part of the conception of 2000. In recent years, however, Germany has somewhat retreated from them or interprets hem differently, which is distinctly reflected in the conception of German cultural diplomacy from 2011. Mainly the emphasis on German national interests has increased, whereby the German approach has begun to resemble those of the French and the British. The article thus supports the thesis about the ‘normalization’ of German foreign policy in the twenty-first century. The historical development of international relations and also the growing influence of economic interests on the area of cultural diplomacy are reflected in, among other things, the change in regional priorities from a straightforward orientation to the West, then to attention to central and Eastern Europe in transformation, and eventually o an increased interest in economically developing non-European countries.
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Proměny kulturní diplomacie Spolkové republiky Německo v epoše Willyho Brandta

100%
Baštová P.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2014
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vol. 112
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issue 2
261-286
EN
The cultural diplomacy of the Federal Republic of Germany underwent a period of fundamental changes during the 1960s and 1970s. This article analyzes who the initiators of these changes were – both institutional and individual. The emphasis on players is supported by a short group biography of respective politicians and public servants. The research uses the methods of political history and political biography. Its vital part is a detailed analysis of archival sources and edited documents. What is even more, this study also revises the prevailing periodization of the history of German cultural diplomacy.
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PROMĚNY A KONSTANTY KULTURNÍ DIPLOMACIE NĚMECKA A RAKOUSKA V 60. A 70. LETECH 20. STOLETÍ VE SROVNÁNÍ SE ZEMĚMI ZÁPADNÍ EVROPY A USA

100%
Baštová P.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2014
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vol. 62
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issue 2
275 – 302
EN
The cultural diplomacy of the Federal Republic of Germany underwent a period of great progress and fundamental changes during the 1960s and 1970s. This study analyses whether such a development was specific to Western Germany or whether it also occurred in other countries. A synchronic asymmetric historical comparison of cultural diplomacy is presented, comparing the FRG with other countries of the West, namely France, the USA, Great Britain, Italy and Austria, covering its chronological development, basic principles and its thematic and geographical priorities. The results show that the socio-historical factors, rather than international relations and transfers between nations, were considerably more influential for the development of cultural diplomacy in the Euro-Atlantic space in the 1960s and 1970s.
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